Sketcher Workbench/pl: Difference between revisions

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{{Docnav|[[Ship Workbench|Ship Workbench]]|[[Spreadsheet Workbench|Spreadsheet Workbench]]|IconL=Workbench_Ship.svg|IconR=Workbench_Spreadsheet.svg}}


[[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|64px]]

== Introduction ==

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'''Warsztat Szkicownika (Sketcher Workbench)''' używany jest do tworzenia geometrii 2D przeznaczonej do wykorzystania w '''[[PartDesign Workbench/pl|Warsztacie PartDesign]]''' i innych warsztatach.
'''Warsztat Szkicownika (Sketcher Workbench)''' używany jest do tworzenia geometrii 2D przeznaczonej do wykorzystania w '''[[PartDesign Workbench/pl|Warsztacie PartDesign]]''' i innych warsztatach.
Zasadniczo geometria 2D jest uznawana za punkt startowy dla większości modeli CAD - prosty szkic 2D może zostać 'wyciągnięty' w bryłę 3D, dalsze szkice 2D mogą zostać użyte do stworzenia kieszeni (zagłębień) na powierzchni tej bryły i w końcu szkice mogą zostać użyte do wykonania 'występów' (wyciągnięć) na powierzchni obiektów 3D.
Zasadniczo geometria 2D jest uznawana za punkt startowy dla większości modeli CAD - prosty szkic 2D może zostać 'wyciągnięty' w bryłę 3D, dalsze szkice 2D mogą zostać użyte do stworzenia kieszeni (zagłębień) na powierzchni tej bryły i w końcu szkice mogą zostać użyte do wykonania 'występów' (wyciągnięć) na powierzchni obiektów 3D.
Wraz z [[Part Module/pl|operacjami boole'owskimi]], kształty powstałe ze szkiców są rdzeniem produktywnego modelowania bryłowego.
Wraz z [[Part Module/pl|operacjami boole'owskimi]], kształty powstałe ze szkiców są rdzeniem produktywnego modelowania bryłowego.
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Warsztat Szkicownika cechuje się więzami pozwalając na opisanie kształtów 2D dokładnymi definicjami geometrycznymi. Dodatkowo solwer przelicza tę geometrię pozwalając na interaktywne badanie stopni swobody szkicu.
Warsztat Szkicownika cechuje się więzami pozwalając na opisanie kształtów 2D dokładnymi definicjami geometrycznymi. Dodatkowo solwer przelicza tę geometrię pozwalając na interaktywne badanie stopni swobody szkicu.
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[[File:FC_ConstrainedSketch.png|none]]
[[File:FC_ConstrainedSketch.png|none]]
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''Podstawowy szkic w pełni ograniczony więzami.''
''Podstawowy szkic w pełni ograniczony więzami.''
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Jeśli potrzebujesz tylko stworzyć widoki 2D do wydruku, i nie chcesz tworzyć modeli 3D, sprawdź [[Draft Module/pl|warsztat Draft]] (weź pod uwagę, że warsztat Draft może być także użyteczny przy tworzeniu geometrii 2D niedostępnej aktualnie w Szkicowniku, jak B-Splajny.)
Jeśli potrzebujesz tylko stworzyć widoki 2D do wydruku, i nie chcesz tworzyć modeli 3D, sprawdź [[Draft Module/pl|warsztat Draft]] (weź pod uwagę, że warsztat Draft może być także użyteczny przy tworzeniu geometrii 2D niedostępnej aktualnie w Szkicowniku, jak B-Splajny.)
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* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.png‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|New sketch]]: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.
* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|New sketch]]: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.


* [[Image:Sketcher_EditSketch.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_EditSketch|Edit sketch]]: Edit the selected Sketch.
* [[Image:Sketcher_EditSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_EditSketch|Edit sketch]]: Edit the selected Sketch. This will open the [[Sketcher Dialog]].


* [[Image:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_LeaveSketch|Leave sketch]]: Leave the Sketch editing mode.
* [[Image:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_LeaveSketch|Leave sketch]]: Leave the Sketch editing mode.


* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSketch|View sketch]]: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSketch|View sketch]]: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.


* [[Image:Sketcher ViewSection.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSection|View section]]: <span style="font-size:x-small;color:green;">v0.18 and above</span> Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane.
* [[Image:Sketcher ViewSection.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSection|View section]]: Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane. {{Version|0.18}}


* [[Image:Sketcher_MapSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_MapSketch|Map sketch to face]]: Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid.
* [[Image:Sketcher_MapSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MapSketch|Map sketch to face]]: Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid.


* [[Sketcher_Reorient|Reorient sketch ]]: Allows you to change the position of a sketch
* [[Sketcher_Reorient|Reorient sketch ]]: Allows you to change the position of a sketch


* [[Sketcher_Validate|Validate sketch]]: It allows you to check if there are in the tolerance of different points and to match them.
* [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]]: Verify the tolerance of different points and adjust them.


* [[Image:Sketcher MergeSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher MergeSketch|Merge sketches]]: Merge two or more sketches. [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher MergeSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher MergeSketches|Merge sketches]]: Merge two or more sketches. {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher MirrorSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher MirrorSketch|Mirror sketch]]: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin [v 0.16]
* [[Image:Sketcher MirrorSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher MirrorSketch|Mirror sketch]]: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin. {{Version|0.16}}


===Sketcher geometries===
===Sketcher geometries===
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These are tools for creating objects.
These are tools for creating objects.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Point|Point]]: Draws a point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Draws a point.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Line.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Line|Line by 2 point]]: Draws a line segment from 2 points.
* [[Image:Sketcher_Line.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line]]: Draws a line segment between 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Arc|Arc]]: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateArc.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateArc|Create an arc]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:


* [[Image:Sketcher CreateArc3Point.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Arc3Point|Arc by 3 Point]]: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Arc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArc|Arc]]: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Circle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Circle|Circle]]: Draws a circle from center and radius.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointArc|Arc by 3 points]]: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.


* [[Image:Sketcher CreateCircle3Point.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Circle3Point|Circle by 3 Point]] : Draws a circle from three points on the circumference.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateCircle.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateCircle|Create a circle]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:


* [[Image:Sketcher_Conics.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateConic|Create a conic]]:
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|Circle]]: Draws a circle from center and radius.
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipse.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Ellipse|Ellipse by center]] : Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point. (v0.15)
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipse_3points.png|32px]] [[Sketcher CreateEllipseBy3Points|Ellipse by 3 points]] : Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point. (v0.15)
** [[Image:Sketcher_Elliptical_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse|Arc of ellipse]] : Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point. (v0.15)
**[[Image:Sketcher_Hyperbolic_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola|Arc of hyperbola]]: Draws an arc of hyperbola. (v0.17)
**[[Image:Sketcher_Parabolic_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola|Arc of parabola]]: Draws an arc of parabola. (v0.17)


:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointCircle|Circle by 3 points]]: Draws a circle from three points on the circumference.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Polyline|Polyline (multiple-point line)]]: Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the M key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateConic.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateConic|Create a conic]]: The sketcher provides the following conical sections. Unlike B-splines they can be used with all sorts of constraints such as tangents, point-on-object, or orthogonal.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Rectangle|Rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipse.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher CreateEllipseByCenter|Ellipse by center]]: Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point. {{Version|0.15}}
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipse_3points.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher CreateEllipseBy3Points|Ellipse by 3 points]]: Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point. {{Version|0.15}}
** [[Image:Sketcher_Elliptical_Arc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse|Arc of ellipse]]: Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point. {{Version|0.15}}
**[[Image:Sketcher_Hyperbolic_Arc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola|Arc of hyperbola]]: Draws an arc of hyperbola. {{Version|0.17}}
**[[Image:Sketcher_Parabolic_Arc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola|Arc of parabola]]: Draws an arc of parabola. {{Version|0.17}}


* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline|Create a B-spline]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateTriangle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Triangle|Triangle]]: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle. (v0.15)
** [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSpline|Create B-spline]]: Draws a B-spline curve by its control points. {{Version|0.17}}
** [[File:Sketcher_Create_Periodic_BSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline|Create periodic B-spline]]: Draws a periodic (closed) B-spline curve by its control points. {{Version|0.17}}


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline (multiple-point line)]]: Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the M key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSquare.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Square|Square]]: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle. (v0.15)


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePentagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Pentagon|Pentagon]]: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. (v0.15)
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|Rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon|Create regular polygon]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Hexagon|Hexagon]]: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. (v0.15)


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHeptagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Heptagon|Heptagon]]: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. (v0.15)
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateTriangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateTriangle|Triangle]]: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOctagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Octagon|Octagon]]: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. (v0.15)
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSquare.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSquare|Square]]: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Slot|Slot]]: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePentagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePentagon|Pentagon]]: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHexagon|Hexagon]]: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Fillet|Fillet]]: Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point. Select both lines or click on the corner point, then activate the tool.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Trimming|Trimming]]: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHeptagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHeptagon|Heptagon]]: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher_External.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|External Geometry]]: Creates an edge linked to external geometry.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOctagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOctagon|Octagon]]: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon|Create Regular Polygon]] : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Construction Mode]]: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.

* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|Slot]]: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.

* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateFillet|Fillet]]: Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point. Select both lines or click on the corner point, then activate the tool.

* [[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Trimming|Trimming]]: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.

* [[File:Sketcher_Extend.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Extend|Extend]]: Extends a line or an arc to a boundary line, arc, ellipse, arc of ellipse or a point in space. {{Version|0.17}}

* [[Image:Sketcher_External.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|External Geometry]]: Creates an edge linked to external geometry.

* [[File:Sketcher_CarbonCopy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CarbonCopy|CarbonCopy]]: Copies the geometry of another sketch. {{Version|0.17}}

* [[File:Sketcher AlterConstruction.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Construction Mode]]: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.


===Sketcher constraints===
===Sketcher constraints===


Constraints are used to define lengths, set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes. Some constraints require the [[Sketcher_helper_constraint|Helper constraints]]
Constraints are used to define lengths, set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes. Some constraints require use of [[Sketcher_helper_constraint|Helper constraints]].


====Geometric constraints====
====Geometric constraints====
These constraints are not associated with numeric data.
These constraints are not associated with numeric data.


* [[Image:Constraint_PointOnPoint.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points.
* [[Image:Constraint_PointOnPoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points.


* [[Image:Constraint_PointOnObject.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject|Point On Object]]: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.
* [[Image:Constraint_PointOnObject.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject|Point On Object]]: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.


* [[Image:Constraint_Vertical.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
* [[Image:Constraint_Vertical.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.


* [[Image:Constraint_Horizontal.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
* [[Image:Constraint_Horizontal.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.


* [[Image:Constraint_Parallel.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]]: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.
* [[Image:Constraint_Parallel.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]]: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.


* [[Image:Constraint_Perpendicular.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.
* [[Image:Constraint_Perpendicular.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.


* [[Image:Constraint_Tangent.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainTangent|Tangent]]: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.
* [[Image:Constraint_Tangent.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainTangent|Tangent]]: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.


* [[Image:Constraint_EqualLength.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal Length]]: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
* [[Image:Constraint_EqualLength.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal Length]]: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.


* [[Image:Constraint_Symmetric.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]]: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.
* [[Image:Constraint_Symmetric.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]]: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.


* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainBlock.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainBlock|Constrain Block]]: <span style="font-size:x-small;color:green;">v0.17 and above</span> Basically allows to block a geometric element in place with a single constraint. It should be particularly useful to work with B-Splines. See the [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26572 Block Constraint forum topic].
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainBlock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainBlock|Constrain Block]]: Basically allows to block a geometric element in place with a single constraint. It should be particularly useful to work with B-Splines. See the [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26572 Block Constraint forum topic]. {{Version|0.17}}


====Dimensional constraints ====
====Dimensional constraints ====
These are constraints associated with numeric data, for which you can use the [[Expressions|expressions]]. The data may be taken from a [[Spreadsheet_Workbench|spreadsheet]].
These are constraints associated with numeric data, for which you can use the [[Expressions|expressions]]. The data may be taken from a [[Spreadsheet_Workbench|spreadsheet]].


* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainLock.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainLock|Lock]]: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainLock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainLock|Lock]]: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.


* [[Image:Constraint_HorizontalDistance.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal Distance]]: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
* [[Image:Constraint_HorizontalDistance.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal Distance]]: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.


* [[Image:Constraint_VerticalDistance.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical Distance]]: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
* [[Image:Constraint_VerticalDistance.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical Distance]]: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.


* [[Image:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistance|Distance]]: Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them.
* [[Image:Constraint_Length.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistance|Distance]]: Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them.


* [[Image:Constraint_Radius.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadius|Radius]]: Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
* [[Image:Constraint_Radius.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadius|Radius]]: Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
* [[Image:Constraint_InternalAngle.png|32px]] [[Constraint_InternalAngle|Internal Angle]]: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.
* [[Image:Constraint_InternalAngle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainAngle|Internal Angle]]: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.


* [[Image:Constraint_SnellsLaw.png|32px]] [[Constraint_SnellsLaw|Snell's Law]]: Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface. (v 0.15)
* [[Image:Constraint_SnellsLaw.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainSnellsLaw|Snell's Law]]: Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface. {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Constraint_InternalAlignment.png |32px]] [[Constraint_Internal_Alignment|Internal Alignment]]: Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse).
* [[Image:Constraint_InternalAlignment.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainInternalAlignment|Internal Alignment]]: Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse).


* [[Image:Sketcher_ToggleConstraint.png |32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstraint|Toggle Constraint]]: Toggles the toolbar or the selected constraints to/from reference mode. v0.16
* [[Image:Sketcher_ToggleConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|Toggle reference/driving constraint]]: Toggles the toolbar or the selected constraints to/from reference mode. {{Version|0.16}}


===Sketcher tools===
===Sketcher tools===


* [[File:Sketcher SelectElementsWithDoFs.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs|Select solver DOFs]]: <span style="font-size:x-small;color:green;">v0.18 and above</span> Highlights in green the geometry with degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e. not fully constrained.
* [[File:Sketcher SelectElementsWithDoFs.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs|Select solver DOFs]]: Highlights in green the geometry with degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e. not fully constrained. {{Version|0.18}}


* [[Image:Sketcher CloseShape.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher CloseShape|Close Shape]]: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher CloseShape.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher CloseShape|Close Shape]]: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher ConnectLines.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConnectLines|Connect Edges]]: Connect sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher ConnectLines.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConnectLines|Connect Edges]]: Connect sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectConstraints|Select Constraints]]: Selects the constraints of a sketcher element [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectConstraints|Select Constraints]]: Selects the constraints of a sketcher element {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectOrigin.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectOrigin|Select Origin]]: Selects the origin of a sketch [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectOrigin.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectOrigin|Select Origin]]: Selects the origin of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis|Select Vertical Axis]]: Selects the vertical axis of a sketch [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis|Select Vertical Axis]]: Selects the vertical axis of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis|Select Horizontal Axis]]: Selects the horizontal axis of a sketch [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis|Select Horizontal Axis]]: Selects the horizontal axis of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints|Select Redundant Constraints]]: Selects redundant constraints of a sketch [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints|Select Redundant Constraints]]: Selects redundant constraints of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints|Select Conflicting Constraints]]: Selects conflicting constraints of a sketch [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints|Select Conflicting Constraints]]: Selects conflicting constraints of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints|Select Elements Associated with constraints]]: Select sketcher elements associated with constraints [v 0.15]
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints|Select Elements Associated with constraints]]: Select sketcher elements associated with constraints {{Version|0.15}}


* [[File:Sketcher Element Ellipse All.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/hide internal geometry]]: Toggles the visibility of internal geometry of ellipses, arcs of hyperbola and parabola and B-splines.
* [[File:Sketcher_Element_Ellipse_All.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/Hide internal geometry]]: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.


* [[Image:Sketcher Symmetry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher Symmetry|Symmetry]]: Copies a sketcher element symmetrical to a chosen line {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Element_Ellipse_All.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/Hide internal geometry]]: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.


* [[Image:Sketcher Symmetry.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Symmetry|Symmetry]]: Copies a sketcher element symmetrical to a chosen line [v 0.16]
* [[Image:Sketcher Clone.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher Clone|Clone]]: Clones a sketcher element {{Version|0.16}}


* [[Image:Sketcher Clone.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Clone|Clone]]: Clones a sketcher element [v 0.16]
* [[Image:Sketcher Copy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher Copy|Copy]]: Copies a sketcher element {{Version|0.16}}


* [[File:Sketcher_Move.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Move|Move]]: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[Image:Sketcher Copy.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Copy|Copy]]: Copies a sketcher element [v 0.16]


* [[Image:Sketcher RectangularArray.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher RectangularArray|Rectangular Array]]: Creates an array of selected sketcher elements {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Move.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Move|Move]]: <span style="font-size:x-small;color:green;">v0.18 and above</span> Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point.


* [[Image:Sketcher RectangularArray.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher RectangularArray|Rectangular Array]]: Creates an array of selected sketcher elements [v 0.16]
* [[File:Sketcher Element SelectionTypeInvalid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry|Delete All Geometry]]: Deletes all geometry from the sketch. {{Version|0.18}}


* [[File:Sketcher Element SelectionTypeInvalid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry|Delete All Geometry]]: <span style="font-size:x-small;color:green;">v0.18 and above</span> Deletes all geometry from the sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher Element SelectionTypeInvalid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints|Delete All Constraints]]: Deletes all constraints from the sketch. {{Version|0.18}}

* [[File:Sketcher Element SelectionTypeInvalid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints|Delete All Constraints]]: <span style="font-size:x-small;color:green;">v0.18 and above</span> Deletes all constraints from the sketch.


===Sketcher B-spline tools===
===Sketcher B-spline tools===
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===Sketcher virtual space===
===Sketcher virtual space===


* [[Image:Sketcher SwitchVirtualSpace.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace|Switch Virtual Space]]: <span style="font-size:x-small;color:green;">v0.17</span> Allows you to "hide" constraints and make them visible again. See https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26614
* [[Image:Sketcher SwitchVirtualSpace.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace|Switch Virtual Space]]: Allows you to hide all constraints of a sketch and make them visible again. {{Version|0.17}}


===Preferences===
===Preferences===


* [[Image:Std_DlgParameter.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Preferences|Preferences...]]: Preferences disposable in Sketcher Tools.
* [[Image:Preferences-general.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences for the '''Sketcher''' workbench.


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== Tutorials ==
== Tutorials ==
* [[Sketcher_Tutorial|Sketcher Tutorial]]
* [[Sketcher tutorial|Sketcher tutorial]] for beginners
* [[Sketcher_tutorial|Sketcher tutorial]] for beginner
* [[Sketcher Tutorial|Sketcher Tutorial]]
* [[Sketcher_Micro_Tutorial_-_Constraint_Practices|Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices]]
* [[Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices|Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices]]


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[[Category:User Documentation/pl]]
[[Category:User Documentation/pl]]
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{{Userdocnavi}}
[[Category:Sketcher]]
[[Category:Workbenches]]

Revision as of 10:52, 24 July 2019

Introduction

Warsztat Szkicownika (Sketcher Workbench) używany jest do tworzenia geometrii 2D przeznaczonej do wykorzystania w Warsztacie PartDesign i innych warsztatach. Zasadniczo geometria 2D jest uznawana za punkt startowy dla większości modeli CAD - prosty szkic 2D może zostać 'wyciągnięty' w bryłę 3D, dalsze szkice 2D mogą zostać użyte do stworzenia kieszeni (zagłębień) na powierzchni tej bryły i w końcu szkice mogą zostać użyte do wykonania 'występów' (wyciągnięć) na powierzchni obiektów 3D. Wraz z operacjami boole'owskimi, kształty powstałe ze szkiców są rdzeniem produktywnego modelowania bryłowego.

Warsztat Szkicownika cechuje się więzami pozwalając na opisanie kształtów 2D dokładnymi definicjami geometrycznymi. Dodatkowo solwer przelicza tę geometrię pozwalając na interaktywne badanie stopni swobody szkicu.

Podstawowy szkic w pełni ograniczony więzami.

Podstawy szkicowania z więzami

By wytłumaczyć jak działa Szkicownik może być przydatne porównanie do "tradycyjnego" sposobu rysowania.

Rysowanie Tradycyjne

Tradycyjna metoda rysowania CAD pochodzi od dawnej deski kreślarskiej. Rzuty prostopadłe (2D) są rysowanie ręczenie i przeznaczone do tworzenia rysunków technicznych. Obiekty są rysowane precyzyjnie w zamierzonej skali lub wymiarze. Jeśli chcesz narysować poziomą linię o długości 100mm startującą w punkcie (0,0), musisz aktywować narzędzie linii, kliknąć na ekranie bądź wprowadzić współrzędne (0,0) dla pierwszego punktu, następnie wykonać kolejne kliknięcie lub wprowadzić współrzędnie dla drugiego punktu (0,100). Ewentualnie możesz narysować linię bez określanie jej pozycji i przesunąć ją później. Kiedy skończysz rysować geometrię, dodajesz wymiary do niej.

Szkicowanie z Więzami

Skicownik odchodzi od tej logiki. Obiekty nie muszą być rysowane dokładnie jak założyłeś, bo zostaną później zdefiniowane za pomocą więzów. Obiekty mogą być rysowane nieściśle i, tak długą jak nie są ograniczone więzami, mogą być modyfikowane. W efekcie są "pływające" i mogą być przesuwane, rozciągane, obracane, skalowane itp. To daje ogromną elastyczność procesu projektowania.

Czym są więzy?

Więzy używane są do ograniczenia stopni swobody obiektu. Dla przykładu, linia bez więzów ma 4 stopnie swobody: może być przesuwana w poziomie lub pionie, rozciągana i obracana.

Wykorzystanie więzu poziomego lub pionowego, lub więzu kąta (względem innej linii lub jednej z osi), ogranicz jej zdolność do obracania pozostawiając ją z 3 stopniami swobody. Zablokowanie jednego z punktów w relacji do układu współrzędnych usunie kolejne dwa stopnie. W końcu zastosowanie więzu wymiaru usunie ostatni stopień swobody. Linia jest w wtedy uznawana za w pełni ograniczoną więzami.

Różne obiekty mogą być wiązane między sobą. Dwie linie mogą być związane, którymiś ze swoich punktów, więzem nachodzenia (coincident). Między zostać ustawiony kąt między nimi lub mogą zostać powiązane jako prostopadłe. Linia może być styczna do łuku lub okręgu itp.

Są dwa typy więzów: geometryczne i wymiarowe.Są one opisane dokładnej w poniższej sekcji 'The tools'.

Zastosowania do których Szkicownik się nie nadaje

Szkicownik nie jest przeznaczony do tworzenia dokumentacji 2D. Gdy szkice zostają użyte do utworzenia brył, są automatycznie ukrywane. Wymiary są widoczne tylko w trybie edycji Szkicownika.

Jeśli potrzebujesz tylko stworzyć widoki 2D do wydruku, i nie chcesz tworzyć modeli 3D, sprawdź warsztat Draft (weź pod uwagę, że warsztat Draft może być także użyteczny przy tworzeniu geometrii 2D niedostępnej aktualnie w Szkicowniku, jak B-Splajny.)

Sketching Workflow

To be added

If the Sketch has segments that cross one another, places where a Point is not directly on a segment, or places where there are gaps between endpoints of adjacent segments, Pad or Revolve won't create a solid. The exception to this rule is that it doesn't apply to Construction (blue) Geometry.

Inside the enclosed area we can have smaller non-overlapping areas. These will become voids when the 3D solid is created.

Narzędzia

Narzędzia Warsztatu Szkicownika znajdują się w menu Szkicownika, które pojawia się po załadowaniu tego warsztatu.

  • New sketch: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.
  • View sketch: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.

Sketcher geometries

These are tools for creating objects.

  • Line: Draws a line segment between 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.
  • Create an arc: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
  • Arc: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.
  • Arc by 3 points: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.
  • Create a circle: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
  • Circle: Draws a circle from center and radius.
  • Polyline (multiple-point line): Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the M key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.
  • Rectangle: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.
  • Create Regular Polygon : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.
  • Slot: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.
  • Fillet: Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point. Select both lines or click on the corner point, then activate the tool.
  • Trimming: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.
  • Construction Mode: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.

Sketcher constraints

Constraints are used to define lengths, set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes. Some constraints require use of Helper constraints.

Geometric constraints

These constraints are not associated with numeric data.

  • Coincident: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points.
  • Point On Object: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.
  • Vertical: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
  • Horizontal: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
  • Parallel: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.
  • Perpendicular: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.
  • Tangent: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.
  • Equal Length: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
  • Symmetric: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.

Dimensional constraints

These are constraints associated with numeric data, for which you can use the expressions. The data may be taken from a spreadsheet.

  • Lock: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.
  • Horizontal Distance: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
  • Vertical Distance: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
  • Distance: Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them.
  • Radius: Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
  • Internal Angle: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.
  • Internal Alignment: Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse).

Sketcher tools

  • Show/Hide internal geometry: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.

Sketcher B-spline tools

Sketcher virtual space

Preferences

Dobre praktyki

Każdy użytkownik systemów CAD wypracowuje własny sposób pracy, ale poniżej znajduje się kilka użytecznych, głównych wskazówek do wykorzystania.

  • Kilka prostych szkiców jest łatwiej opanować niż jeden skomplikowany. Np., pierwszy szkic może być utworzony jako baza do cechy 3D (występu lub kieszeni), kiedy drugi może zawierać otwory lub wycięcia (kieszenie). Część szczegółów może zostać wyrzucona, by zrealizować je w postaci cech 3D. Możesz uniknąć zaokrągleń w szkicu jeśli jest ich zbyt wiele i dodać je jako cechy 3D.
  • Zawsze twórz zamknięty profil, inaczej ze szkicu nie zostanie utworzona bryła, a zbiór otwartych ścian. Jeśli nie chcesz użyć niektórych obiektów podczas tworzenia bryły, zmień je na elementy konstrukcyjne narzędziem Tryb Konstrukcji.
  • Użyj funkcji autowiązania by ograniczyć ilość więzów które będziesz dodawał ręcznie
  • Jako główna zasada, najpierw dodawaj więzy geometryczne, potem wymiarowe i na końcu zablokuj szkic. Ale zapamiętaj: zasady są po to by je łamać. Jeśli masz problemy z manipulowaniem szkicem, może być przydatne związanie najpierw kilku obiektów przed ukończeniem rysowania profilu.
  • Jeśli to możliwe, wycentruj szkic na początku układu współrzędnych (0,0) używając więzu blokady.Jeśli szkic nie jest symetryczny, ustaw jeden z jego punktów na początku układu współrzędnych lub wybierz całkowite liczby do zablokowania odległości. W v0.12 więzy zewnętrzne nie są zaimplementowane (dopiero v0.13 ma ich wstępną obsługę). Znaczy to, że by ustawić geometrię szkicu do szkicu wcześniejszego, musisz zrobić to ręczne. Więz blokady (25,75) od początku układu współrzędnych jest znacznie łatwiejszy do zapamiętania niż taki (23.47,73.02).
  • Jeśli możesz wybrać pomiędzy więzem Długości a Poziomym lub Pionowym więzem Odległości, wybierz ten drugi. Będzie on lżejszy w procesie obliczeń.


Tutorials