Sketcher Workbench/cs: Difference between revisions

From FreeCAD Documentation
(Updating to match new version of source page)
(Updating to match new version of source page)
 
(62 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<languages/>
<languages/>
{{Docnav|[[Ship Workbench|Ship Workbench]]|[[Spreadsheet Workbench|Spreadsheet Workbench]]|IconL=Workbench_Ship.svg|IconR=Workbench_Spreadsheet.svg}}


{{Docnav
[[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|64px]]
|[[Robot_Workbench|Robot Workbench]]
|[[Spreadsheet_Workbench|Spreadsheet Workbench]]
|IconL=Workbench_Robot.svg
|IconR=Workbench_Spreadsheet.svg
}}


[[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|thumb|128px|Sketcher workbench icon]]

{{TOCright}}

<span id="Introduction"></span>
==Úvod==
==Úvod==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
'''Pracovní plocha Skicář''' je používána pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí určených pro použití v '''[[PartDesign Workbench/cs|Pracovní ploše Návrh dílu]]''' a dalších pracovních plochách.
'''Pracovní plocha Skicář''' je používána pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí určených pro použití v '''[[PartDesign Workbench/cs|Pracovní ploše Návrh dílu]]''' a dalších pracovních plochách.
Obecně jsou 2D konstrukce zamýšleny jako startovní bod pro většinu CAD modelů - jednoduchý 2D náčrt může být 'vysunut' do 3D tvaru, dále mohou být 2D náčrty použity k vytváření kapes v povrchu objektu a náčrty mohou být využity pro definování 'desek' (vysunutí) na povrchu 3D objektů. Spolu s [[Part Module/cs|logickými operacemi]], náčrt vytváří jádro generativního návrhu dílu tělesa.
Obecně jsou 2D konstrukce zamýšleny jako startovní bod pro většinu CAD modelů - jednoduchý 2D náčrt může být 'vysunut' do 3D tvaru, dále mohou být 2D náčrty použity k vytváření kapes v povrchu objektu a náčrty mohou být využity pro definování 'desek' (vysunutí) na povrchu 3D objektů. Spolu s [[Part_Workbench/cs|logickými operacemi]], náčrt vytváří jádro generativního návrhu dílu tělesa.
</div>
</div>


Line 15: Line 24:
</div>
</div>


[[File:FC_ConstrainedSketch.png|450px]]
{{TOCright}}
[[File:FC_ConstrainedSketch.png|none]]
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
''Základní plně vazbený náčrt‎.''
''Základní plně vazbený náčrt‎.''
</div>
</div>

== Basics of constraint sketching ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 26: Line 36:
</div>
</div>


==== Traditional Drafting ====

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
==== Tradiční kreslení ====
==== Tradiční kreslení ====
Tradiční způsob kreslení v CADu vychází ze starého [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing_board kreslicího prkna]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiview_orthographic_projection Ortogonální (2D) pohledy] jsou kresleny ručně a určeny pro vytváření technických výkresů (také známé jako blueprints). Objekty jsou kresleny přesně pro zamýšlený rozměr nebo velikost. Chcete-li nakreslit vodorovnou přímku dlouhou 100mm a začínající v (0,0), aktivujete nástroj Přímka buď kliknutím na obrazovku nebo zadáte souřadnice prvního bodu (0,0), potom uděláte druhý klik nebo zadáte souřadnice druhého bodu (100,0). Nebo nakreslíte přímku bez ohledu na její pozici a posunete ji později. Když dokončíte kreslení konstrukce, přidáte k ní kóty.
Tradiční způsob kreslení v CADu vychází ze starého [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing_board kreslicího prkna]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiview_orthographic_projection Ortogonální (2D) pohledy] jsou kresleny ručně a určeny pro vytváření technických výkresů (také známé jako blueprints). Objekty jsou kresleny přesně pro zamýšlený rozměr nebo velikost. Chcete-li nakreslit vodorovnou přímku dlouhou 100mm a začínající v (0,0), aktivujete nástroj Přímka buď kliknutím na obrazovku nebo zadáte souřadnice prvního bodu (0,0), potom uděláte druhý klik nebo zadáte souřadnice druhého bodu (100,0). Nebo nakreslíte přímku bez ohledu na její pozici a posunete ji později. Když dokončíte kreslení konstrukce, přidáte k ní kóty.
</div>


==== Constraint Sketching ====

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
==== Skicování s vazbami ====
==== Skicování s vazbami ====
'''Skicář''' se vzdaluje od této logiky. Objekty nemusejí být kresleny přesně tak jak zamýšlíte, protože budou definovány později pomocí vazeb. Objekty mohou být kresleny volně a pokud nejsou vazbeny mohou být upravovány. Provedením jsou "plovoucí" a mohou být posunovány, natahovány, otáčeny, lze jim měnit měřítko, atd. To dodává velkou flexibilitu v procesu návrhu.
'''Skicář''' se vzdaluje od této logiky. Objekty nemusejí být kresleny přesně tak jak zamýšlíte, protože budou definovány později pomocí vazeb. Objekty mohou být kresleny volně a pokud nejsou vazbeny mohou být upravovány. Provedením jsou "plovoucí" a mohou být posunovány, natahovány, otáčeny, lze jim měnit měřítko, atd. To dodává velkou flexibilitu v procesu návrhu.
</div>

==== What are constraints? ====


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 43: Line 63:
</div>
</div>


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Jsou dva druhy vazeb: konstrukční a rozměrové. Detailně jsou rozebrány v sekci [[#The tools|'Nástroje']] dále.
Jsou dva druhy vazeb: konstrukční a rozměrové. Detailně jsou rozebrány v sekci [[#The tools|'Nástroje']] dále.
</div>

==== What the Sketcher is not good for ====


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 51: Line 75:


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Jestliže potřebujete vytvářet pouze 2D pohledy pro tisk a nepotřebujete vytvářet 3D modely, podívejte se na [[Draft Module/cs|Pracovní plochu kreslení]] (a nezapomínejte na to, že pracovní plocha Kreslení je také užitečná pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí nedostupných v současné době ve Skicáři, jako je třeba B-křivka).
Jestliže potřebujete vytvářet pouze 2D pohledy pro tisk a nepotřebujete vytvářet 3D modely, podívejte se na [[Draft_Workbench/cs|Pracovní plochu kreslení]] (a nezapomínejte na to, že pracovní plocha Kreslení je také užitečná pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí nedostupných v současné době ve Skicáři, jako je třeba B-křivka).
</div>
</div>

The tool [[Draft_Draft2Sketch|Draft2Sketch]] converts a Draft object to a Sketch object, and vice versa. Many tools that require a 2D element as input work with either type of object as an internal conversion is done automatically.

== Sketching Workflow ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 59: Line 87:
</div>
</div>


If the Sketch has segments that cross one another, places where a Point is not directly on a segment, or places where there are gaps between endpoints of adjacent segments, Pad or Revolve won't create a solid. The exception to this rule is that it doesn't apply to Construction (blue) Geometry.
If a Sketch has segments that cross one another, places where a Point is not directly on a segment, or places where there are gaps between endpoints of adjacent segments, Pad or Revolve won't create a solid. Sometimes a Sketch which contains lines which cross one another will work for a simple operation such as Pad, but later operations such as Linear Pattern will fail. It is best to avoid crossing lines. The exception to this rule is that it doesn't apply to Construction (blue) Geometry.


Inside the enclosed area we can have smaller non-overlapping areas. These will become voids when the 3D solid is created.
Inside the enclosed area we can have smaller non-overlapping areas. These will become voids when the 3D solid is created.

Once a Sketch is fully constrained, the Sketch features will turn green; Construction Geometry will remain blue. It is usually "finished" at this point and suitable for use in creating a 3D solid. However, once the Sketch dialog is closed it may be worthwhile going to [[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|24px]] [[Part_Workbench|Part Workbench]] and running {{Button|[[File:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|16px]] [[Part_CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]}} to ensure there are no features in the Sketch which may cause later problems.

== Tools ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
=== Nástroje ===
=== Nástroje ===
Nástroje pracovní plochy Skicář jsou umístěny v menu Skicář, které se zobrazí když natáhnete pracovní plochu Skicář.
Nástroje pracovní plochy Skicář jsou umístěny v menu Skicář, které se zobrazí když natáhnete pracovní plochu Skicář.
</div>
</div>


{{Version|0.21}}: If a sketch is in edit mode the Structure toolbar is hidden as none of its tools can then be used.
* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.png‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|New sketch]]: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.


=== General ===
* [[Image:Sketcher_EditSketch.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_EditSketch|Edit sketch]]: Edit the selected Sketch. This will open the [[Sketcher Dialog]].


==== Sketcher toolbar ====
* [[Image:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_LeaveSketch|Leave sketch]]: Leave the Sketch editing mode.


* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|Create sketch]]: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSketch|View sketch]]: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.


* [[Image:Sketcher_EditSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_EditSketch|Edit sketch]]: Edit the selected Sketch. This will open the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]].
* [[Image:Sketcher ViewSection.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSection|View section]]: Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane. {{Version|0.18}}


* [[Image:Sketcher_MapSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_MapSketch|Map sketch to face]]: Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid.
* [[Image:Sketcher_MapSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MapSketch|Map sketch to face]]: Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid.


* [[Sketcher_Reorient|Reorient sketch ]]: Allows you to change the position of a sketch
* [[File:Sketcher_ReorientSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ReorientSketch|Reorient sketch]]: Allows you to attach the sketch to one of the main planes.


* [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]]: Verify the tolerance of different points and adjust them.
* [[File:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]]: Analyze and repair a sketch that is no longer editable, has invalid constraints, or is missing coincident constraints.


* [[Image:Sketcher MergeSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher MergeSketches|Merge sketches]]: Merge two or more sketches. {{Version|0.15}}
* [[Image:Sketcher_MergeSketches.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MergeSketches|Merge sketches]]: Merge two or more sketches.


* [[Image:Sketcher MirrorSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher MirrorSketch|Mirror sketch]]: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin. {{Version|0.16}}
* [[Image:Sketcher_MirrorSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MirrorSketch|Mirror sketch]]: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin.

==== Sketcher Edit Mode toolbar ====

* [[Image:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_LeaveSketch|Leave sketch]]: Leave the Sketch editing mode.

* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSketch|View sketch]]: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.

* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSection.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSection|View section]]: Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane.

==== Sketcher edit tools toolbar ====

* [[Image:Sketcher_Grid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Grid|Toggle grid]]: Toggles the grid in the sketch currently being edited. Settings can be changed in the related menu. {{Version|0.21}}

* [[Image:Sketcher_Snap.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Snap|Toggle snap]]: Toggles snapping in all sketches. Settings can be changed in the related menu. {{Version|0.21}}

* [[Image:Sketcher_RenderingOrder.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RenderingOrder|Configure rendering order]]: The rendering order of all sketches can be changed in the related menu. {{Version|0.21}}

==== Other ====

* [[File:Sketcher_StopOperation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_StopOperation|Stop operation]]: When in edit mode, stop the current operation, whether that is drawing, setting constraints, etc.


===Sketcher geometries===
===Sketcher geometries===
Line 92: Line 144:
These are tools for creating objects.
These are tools for creating objects.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Draws a point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Draws a point.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Line.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line]]: Draws a line segment between 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateLine.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line]]: Draws a line segment between 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.


* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateArc">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateArc.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create arc:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateArc pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateArc.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateArc|Create an arc]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:


:* [[Image:Sketcher_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArc|Arc]]: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArc|Arc]]: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher CreateArc3Point.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointArc|Arc by 3 points]]: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointArc|Arc by 3 points]]: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.


* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateCircle">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateCircle.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create circle:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateCircle pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateCircle.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateCircle|Create a circle]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:


:* [[Image:Sketcher_Circle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|Circle]]: Draws a circle from center and radius.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|Circle]]: Draws a circle from center and radius.


:* [[Image:Sketcher CreateCircle3Point.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointCircle|Circle by 3 points]]: Draws a circle from three points on the circumference.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointCircle|Circle by 3 points]]: Draws a circle from three points on the circumference.


* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateConic">[[Image:Sketcher_Conics.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create conic:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateConic pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateConic.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateConic|Create a conic]]: The sketcher provides the following conical sections. Unlike B-splines they can be used with all sorts of constraints such as tangents, point-on-object, or orthogonal.
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipse.png|32px]] [[Sketcher CreateEllipseByCenter|Ellipse by center]]: Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point. {{Version|0.15}}
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipse_3points.png|32px]] [[Sketcher CreateEllipseBy3Points|Ellipse by 3 points]]: Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point. {{Version|0.15}}
** [[Image:Sketcher_Elliptical_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse|Arc of ellipse]]: Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point. {{Version|0.15}}
**[[Image:Sketcher_Hyperbolic_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola|Arc of hyperbola]]: Draws an arc of hyperbola. {{Version|0.17}}
**[[Image:Sketcher_Parabolic_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola|Arc of parabola]]: Draws an arc of parabola. {{Version|0.17}}


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter|Ellipse by center]]: Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline|Create a B-spline]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
** [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSpline|Create B-spline]]: Draws a B-spline curve by its control points. {{Version|0.17}}
** [[File:Sketcher_Create_Periodic_BSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline|Create periodic B-spline]]: Draws a periodic (closed) B-spline curve by its control points. {{Version|0.17}}


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipseBy3Points.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseBy3Points|Ellipse by 3 points]]: Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline (multiple-point line)]]: Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the M key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse|Arc of ellipse]]: Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|Rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola|Arc of hyperbola]]: Draws an arc of hyperbola.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon|Create regular polygon]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola|Arc of parabola]]: Draws an arc of parabola.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateTriangle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateTriangle|Triangle]]: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] B-spline:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline pages redirect here-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSquare.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSquare|Square]]: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


:* [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSpline|B-spline by control points]]: Draws a B-spline curve by its control points.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePentagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePentagon|Pentagon]]: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


:* [[File:Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline|Periodic B-spline by control points]]: Draws a periodic (closed) B-spline curve by its control points.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHexagon|Hexagon]]: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHeptagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHeptagon|Heptagon]]: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSplineByInterpolation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSplineByInterpolation|B-spline by knots]]: Draws a B-spline curve by its knots. {{Version|0.21}}


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOctagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOctagon|Octagon]]: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSplineByInterpolation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSplineByInterpolation|Periodic B-spline by knots]]: Draws a periodic (closed) B-spline curve by its knots. {{Version|0.21}}


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon|Create Regular Polygon]] : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline (multiple-point line)]]: Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the {{KEY|M}} key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.


* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateRectangles">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create rectangle:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateRectangles pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|Slot]]: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|Rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateFillet|Fillet]]: Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point. Select both lines or click on the corner point, then activate the tool.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Trimming|Trimming]]: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle_Center.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle_Center|Centered rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from a central point and an edge point. {{Version|0.20}}


* [[File:Sketcher_Extend.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Extend|Extend]]: Extends a line or an arc to a boundary line, arc, ellipse, arc of ellipse or a point in space. {{Version|0.17}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOblong.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOblong|Rounded rectangle]]: Draws a rounded rectangle from 2 opposite points. {{Version|0.20}}


* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create regular polygon:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_External.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|External Geometry]]: Creates an edge linked to external geometry.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateTriangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateTriangle|Triangle]]: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
* [[File:Sketcher_CarbonCopy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CarbonCopy|CarbonCopy]]: Copies the geometry of another sketch. {{Version|0.17}}


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSquare.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSquare|Square]]: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Construction Mode]]: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePentagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePentagon|Pentagon]]: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHexagon|Hexagon]]: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHeptagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHeptagon|Heptagon]]: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOctagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOctagon|Octagon]]: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon|Regular polygon]] : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.

* <span id="Sketcher_CompSlot">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create slot:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompSlot pages redirect here-->

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|Slot]]: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcSlot|Arc slot]]: TBD. {{Version|0.22}}

* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateFillets">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create fillet:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateFillets pages redirect here-->

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateFillet|Fillet]]: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel lines.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePointFillet.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePointFillet|Corner-preserving fillet]]: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel lines while preserving their (virtual) intersection.

* <span id="Sketcher_CompCurveEdition">[[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Edit edge:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCurveEdition pages redirect here-->

:* [[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Trimming|Trim]]: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_Split.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Split|Split]]: Splits an edge into two while keeping most of the constraints. {{Version|0.20}}

:* [[File:Sketcher_Extend.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Extend|Extend]]: Extends a line or an arc to a boundary line, arc, ellipse, arc of ellipse or a point in space.

* [[Image:Sketcher_External.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|External geometry]]: Creates an edge linked to external geometry.

* [[File:Sketcher_CarbonCopy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CarbonCopy|Carbon copy]]: Copies the geometry of another sketch.

* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Toggle construction geometry]]: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.


===Sketcher constraints===
===Sketcher constraints===
Line 157: Line 238:
Constraints are used to define lengths, set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes. Some constraints require use of [[Sketcher_helper_constraint|Helper constraints]].
Constraints are used to define lengths, set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes. Some constraints require use of [[Sketcher_helper_constraint|Helper constraints]].


* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified|Coincident (unified)]]: TBD. {{Version|0.22}}
====Geometric constraints====
These constraints are not associated with numeric data.


* [[Image:Constraint_PointOnPoint.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points. It acts as a concentric constraint if two or more circles, arcs, ellipses or arcs of ellipses are selected.


* [[Image:Constraint_PointOnObject.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject|Point On Object]]: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object]]: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.


* <span id="Sketcher_CompHorVer">[[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]]Horizontal/Vertical constraints:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompHorVer pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Constraint_Vertical.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.


:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer|Horizontal/Vertical]]: TBD. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[Image:Constraint_Horizontal.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.


:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
* [[Image:Constraint_Parallel.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]]: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.


* [[Image:Constraint_Perpendicular.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainVertical.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.


* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainParallel.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]]: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.
* [[Image:Constraint_Tangent.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainTangent|Tangent]]: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.


* [[Image:Constraint_EqualLength.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal Length]]: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.


* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Tangent]]: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.
* [[Image:Constraint_Symmetric.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]]: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.


* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainEqual.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal]]: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainBlock.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainBlock|Constrain Block]]: Basically allows to block a geometric element in place with a single constraint. It should be particularly useful to work with B-Splines. See the [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26572 Block Constraint forum topic]. {{Version|0.17}}


* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]]: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.
====Dimensional constraints ====
These are constraints associated with numeric data, for which you can use the [[Expressions|expressions]]. The data may be taken from a [[Spreadsheet_Workbench|spreadsheet]].


* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainBlock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainBlock|Block]]: it blocks an edge from moving, that is, it prevents its vertices from changing their current positions. It should be particularly useful to fix the position of B-Splines. See the [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26572 Block Constraint forum topic].
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainLock.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainLock|Lock]]: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.


* <span id="Sketcher_CompDimensionTools">[[Image:Sketcher_Dimension.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Dimensional constraints:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompDimensionTools pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Constraint_HorizontalDistance.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal Distance]]: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.


:* [[File:Sketcher_Dimension.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Dimension|Dimension]]: TBD. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[Image:Constraint_VerticalDistance.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical Distance]]: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.


:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainLock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainLock|Lock]]: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.
* [[Image:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistance|Distance]]: Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them.


:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal distance]]: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
* [[Image:Constraint_Radius.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadius|Radius]]: Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
* [[Image:Constraint_InternalAngle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainAngle|Internal Angle]]: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.


:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical distance]]: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
* [[Image:Constraint_SnellsLaw.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainSnellsLaw|Snell's Law]]: Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface. {{Version|0.15}}


:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistance.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistance|Distance]]: Defines the length of a line, the perpendicular distance between a point and a line, the distance between two points, or, {{Version|0.21}}, the distance between the edges of two circles.
* [[Image:Constraint_InternalAlignment.png |32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainInternalAlignment|Internal Alignment]]: Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse).


:* <span id="Sketcher_CompConstrainRadDia">[[File:Sketcher_ConstrainRadius.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadius|Radius]]: Defines the radius of an arc or circle or the weight of a B-spline pole.</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompConstrainRadDia pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_ToggleConstraint.png |32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|Toggle reference/driving constraint]]: Toggles the toolbar or the selected constraints to/from reference mode. {{Version|0.16}}

:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDiameter.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDiameter|Diameter]]: Defines the diameter of an arc or circle.

:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainRadiam.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadiam|Auto radius/diameter]]: Defines the radius of an arc, the diameter of a circle or the weight of a B-spline pole. {{Version|0.20}}

:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainAngle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainAngle|Angle]]: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.

==== Special constraints ====

* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSnellsLaw.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSnellsLaw|Refraction (Snell's law)]]: Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface.

==== Constraint tools ====

The following tools can be used the change the effect of constraints:

* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|Toggle driving/reference constraint]]: Toggles the toolbar or the selected constraints to/from reference mode.

* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleActiveConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleActiveConstraint|Activate/deactivate constraint]]: Enable or disable an already placed constraint.


===Sketcher tools===
===Sketcher tools===


* [[File:Sketcher SelectElementsWithDoFs.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs|Select solver DOFs]]: Highlights in green the geometry with degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e. not fully constrained. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs|Select unconstrained DoF]]: Highlights in green the geometry with degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e. not fully constrained.


* [[File:Sketcher_SelectConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectConstraints|Select associated constraints]]: Selects the constraints of a sketcher element.
* [[Image:Sketcher CloseShape.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher CloseShape|Close Shape]]: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher ConnectLines.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConnectLines|Connect Edges]]: Connect sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints|Select associated geometry]]: Select sketcher elements associated with constraints.


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectConstraints|Select Constraints]]: Selects the constraints of a sketcher element {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectRedundantConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectRedundantConstraints|Select redundant constraints]]: Selects redundant constraints of a sketch.


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectOrigin.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectOrigin|Select Origin]]: Selects the origin of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectConflictingConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectConflictingConstraints|Select conflicting constraints]]: Selects conflicting constraints of a sketch.


* [[File:Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/hide internal geometry]]: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis|Select Vertical Axis]]: Selects the vertical axis of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis|Select Horizontal Axis]]: Selects the horizontal axis of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectOrigin.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectOrigin|Select origin]]: Selects the origin of a sketch.


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints|Select Redundant Constraints]]: Selects redundant constraints of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectHorizontalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectHorizontalAxis|Select horizontal axis]]: Selects the horizontal axis of a sketch.


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints|Select Conflicting Constraints]]: Selects conflicting constraints of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectVerticalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectVerticalAxis|Select vertical axis]]: Selects the vertical axis of a sketch.


* [[File:Sketcher_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Offset|Offset geometry]]: Adds an equidistant outline around selected edges. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints|Select Elements Associated with constraints]]: Select sketcher elements associated with constraints {{Version|0.15}}


* [[File:Sketcher_Rotate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Rotate|Polar transform]]: TBD. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Element_Ellipse_All.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/Hide internal geometry]]: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.


* [[Image:Sketcher Symmetry.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Symmetry|Symmetry]]: Copies a sketcher element symmetrical to a chosen line {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Symmetry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Symmetry|Symmetry]]: Copies a sketcher element symmetrical to a chosen line.


* [[Image:Sketcher Clone.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Clone|Clone]]: Clones a sketcher element {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Clone.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Clone|Clone]]: Clones a sketcher element.


* [[Image:Sketcher Copy.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Copy|Copy]]: Copies a sketcher element {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Copy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Copy|Copy]]: Copies a sketcher element.


* [[File:Sketcher_Move.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Move|Move]]: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Move.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Move|Move]]: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point.


* [[Image:Sketcher RectangularArray.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher RectangularArray|Rectangular Array]]: Creates an array of selected sketcher elements {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_RectangularArray.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RectangularArray|Rectangular array]]: Creates an array of selected sketcher elements.


* [[File:Sketcher Element SelectionTypeInvalid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry|Delete All Geometry]]: Deletes all geometry from the sketch. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[File:Sketcher_RemoveAxesAlignment.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RemoveAxesAlignment|Remove axes alignment]]: Remove axes alignment while trying to preserve the constraint relationship of the selection. {{Version|0.20}}


* [[File:Sketcher Element SelectionTypeInvalid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints|Delete All Constraints]]: Deletes all constraints from the sketch. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[File:Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry|Delete all geometry]]: Deletes all geometry from the sketch.

* [[File:Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints|Delete all constraints]]: Deletes all constraints from the sketch.


===Sketcher B-spline tools===
===Sketcher B-spline tools===


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineApproximate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineApproximate|Convert geometry to B-spline]]: Converts compatible geometry, edges and curves, into a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDegree|Show/Hide B-spline degree]]


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePolygon|Show/Hide B-spline control polygon]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree|Increase B-spline degree]]: Increases the degree (order) of a B-spline.


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineComb.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineComb|Show/Hide B-spline curvature comb]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseDegree|Decrease B-spline degree]]: Decreases the degree (order) of a B-spline.


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity|Show/Hide B-spline knot multiplicity]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity|Increase knot multiplicity]]: Increases the multiplicity of a B-spline knot.


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity|Decrease knot multiplicity]]: Decreases the multiplicity of a B-spline knot.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineApproximate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConvertToNURB|Convert Geometry to B-spline]]


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineInsertKnot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineInsertKnot|Insert knot]]: Inserts a knot into an existing B-spline. {{Version|0.20}}
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree|Increase degree]]


* [[File:Sketcher_JoinCurves.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_JoinCurves|Join curves]]: Joins two curves at selected end points. {{Version|0.21}}
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity|Increase knot multiplicity]]


===Sketcher visual===
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity|Decrease knot multiplicity]]


* [[File:Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace|Switch virtual space]]: Allows you to hide all constraints of a sketch and make them visible again.
===Sketcher virtual space===


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDegree|Show/hide B-spline degree]]: Shows or hides the display of the degree of a B-spline.
* [[Image:Sketcher SwitchVirtualSpace.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace|Switch Virtual Space]]: Allows you to hide all constraints of a sketch and make them visible again. {{Version|0.17}}


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePolygon|Show/hide B-spline control polygon]]: Shows or hides the display of the defining polygon of a B-spline.
===Preferences===


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineComb.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineComb|Show/hide B-spline curvature comb]]: Shows or hides the display of the curvature comb of a B-spline.
* [[Image:Std_DlgParameter.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences for the '''Sketcher''' workbench.

* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity|Show/hide B-spline knot multiplicity]]: Shows or hides the display of the knot multiplicity of a B-spline.

* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePoleWeight.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePoleWeight|Show/hide B-spline control point weight]]: Shows or hides the display of the weights for the control points of a B-spline.

* [[File:Sketcher_ArcOverlay.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ArcOverlay|Show/hide circular helper for arcs]]: TBD. {{Version|0.22}}

===Obsolete tools===

* [[File:Sketcher_CloseShape.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CloseShape|Close shape]]: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in {{VersionPlus|0.21}}.

* [[File:Sketcher_ConnectLines.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConnectLines|Connect edges]]: Connect sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in {{VersionPlus|0.21}}.

== Preferences ==

* [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences for the '''Sketcher''' workbench.

== Best Practices ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 278: Line 394:
* Máte-li možnost vybrat si mezi vazbou Délky a vazbou Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti, dejte přednost té druhé. Vazby Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti jsou méně náročné na výpočty.
* Máte-li možnost vybrat si mezi vazbou Délky a vazbou Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti, dejte přednost té druhé. Vazby Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti jsou méně náročné na výpočty.
</div>
</div>



== Tutorials ==
== Tutorials ==

* [[Sketcher tutorial|Sketcher tutorial]] for beginners
* [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=30104 Sketcher tutorial] by chrisb. This is a 70-page long PDF document that serves as a detailed manual for the sketcher. It explains the basics of Sketcher usage, and goes into a lot of detail about the creation of geometrical shapes, and each of the constraints.
* [[Sketcher Tutorial|Sketcher Tutorial]]
* [[Basic_Sketcher_Tutorial|Basic Sketcher Tutorial]] for beginners
* [[Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices|Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices]]
* [[Sketcher_Micro_Tutorial_-_Constraint_Practices|Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices]]
* [[Sketcher_requirement_for_a_sketch|Sketcher requirement for a sketch]] Minimum requirement for a sketch and Complete determination of a sketch

== Scripting ==

The [[Sketcher_scripting|Sketcher scripting]] page contains examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.

== Examples ==

For some ideas of what can be achieved with Sketcher tools, have a look at: [[Sketcher_Examples|Sketcher examples]].

[[Image:Sketcher_ExampleHinge-01.gif|80px|link=]]
[[Image:Sketcher ExampleHinge-15.png|90px|link=]]



<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 289: Line 418:
</div>
</div>


{{Sketcher_Tools_navi{{#translation:}}}}
{{Userdocnavi}}
{{Userdocnavi{{#translation:}}}}
[[Category:Sketcher]]
[[Category:Workbenches]]
[[Category:Workbenches{{#translation:}}]]

Latest revision as of 10:12, 24 January 2024

Sketcher workbench icon

Úvod

Pracovní plocha Skicář je používána pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí určených pro použití v Pracovní ploše Návrh dílu a dalších pracovních plochách. Obecně jsou 2D konstrukce zamýšleny jako startovní bod pro většinu CAD modelů - jednoduchý 2D náčrt může být 'vysunut' do 3D tvaru, dále mohou být 2D náčrty použity k vytváření kapes v povrchu objektu a náčrty mohou být využity pro definování 'desek' (vysunutí) na povrchu 3D objektů. Spolu s logickými operacemi, náčrt vytváří jádro generativního návrhu dílu tělesa.

Samotná pracovní plocha Skicář obsahuje vazby - umožňující 2D tvarům mít vazby pro přesné definice konstrukcí. A kalkulátor vazeb který počítá rozšíření vazeb 2D konstrukcí a umožňuje interaktivní zkoumání stupňů volnosti náčrtů.

Základní plně vazbený náčrt‎.

Basics of constraint sketching

Základy vazeb v náčrtu

Pro vysvětlení funkce Skicáře může být užitečné porovnání s "tradičním" způsobem kreslení.

Traditional Drafting

Tradiční kreslení

Tradiční způsob kreslení v CADu vychází ze starého kreslicího prkna. Ortogonální (2D) pohledy jsou kresleny ručně a určeny pro vytváření technických výkresů (také známé jako blueprints). Objekty jsou kresleny přesně pro zamýšlený rozměr nebo velikost. Chcete-li nakreslit vodorovnou přímku dlouhou 100mm a začínající v (0,0), aktivujete nástroj Přímka buď kliknutím na obrazovku nebo zadáte souřadnice prvního bodu (0,0), potom uděláte druhý klik nebo zadáte souřadnice druhého bodu (100,0). Nebo nakreslíte přímku bez ohledu na její pozici a posunete ji později. Když dokončíte kreslení konstrukce, přidáte k ní kóty.

Constraint Sketching

Skicování s vazbami

Skicář se vzdaluje od této logiky. Objekty nemusejí být kresleny přesně tak jak zamýšlíte, protože budou definovány později pomocí vazeb. Objekty mohou být kresleny volně a pokud nejsou vazbeny mohou být upravovány. Provedením jsou "plovoucí" a mohou být posunovány, natahovány, otáčeny, lze jim měnit měřítko, atd. To dodává velkou flexibilitu v procesu návrhu.

What are constraints?

Co jsou vazby?

Vazby jsou použity k omezení stupňů volnosti objektu. Například přímka bez vazeb má 4 stupně volnosti: může se posunovat vodorovně nebo svisle, může být natahována a otáčena.

Použití vodorovné nebo svislé vazby nebo vazbu úhlu (relativně k jiné přímce nebo k některé z os) omezí její možnosti otáčení, takže jí zbudou jen tři stupně volnosti. Zavazbení jednoho bodu v relaci k počátku odebere další 2 stupně volnosti. A aplikace vazby rozměru odebere poslední stupeň volnosti. Přímka je potom považována za plně vazbenou.

Více objektů může být vazbeno mezi sebou vzájemně. Dvě přímky mohou být spojeny prostřednictvím jejich bodů pomocí vazby souhlasných bodů. Může být nastaven úhel mezi nimi nebo mohou být nastaveny kolmo k sobě. Přímka se může dotýkat oblouku nebo kružnice, atd.

Jsou dva druhy vazeb: konstrukční a rozměrové. Detailně jsou rozebrány v sekci 'Nástroje' dále.

What the Sketcher is not good for

Pro co není Skicář vhodný

Skicář není určen pro vytváření 2D výkresů. Protože náčrty jsou používány pro generování těles, jsou automaticky skrývány. Rozměry jsou viditelné pouze v editačním módu Náčrtu.

Jestliže potřebujete vytvářet pouze 2D pohledy pro tisk a nepotřebujete vytvářet 3D modely, podívejte se na Pracovní plochu kreslení (a nezapomínejte na to, že pracovní plocha Kreslení je také užitečná pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí nedostupných v současné době ve Skicáři, jako je třeba B-křivka).

The tool Draft2Sketch converts a Draft object to a Sketch object, and vice versa. Many tools that require a 2D element as input work with either type of object as an internal conversion is done automatically.

Sketching Workflow

Postup práce ve Skicáři

Bude přidáno

If a Sketch has segments that cross one another, places where a Point is not directly on a segment, or places where there are gaps between endpoints of adjacent segments, Pad or Revolve won't create a solid. Sometimes a Sketch which contains lines which cross one another will work for a simple operation such as Pad, but later operations such as Linear Pattern will fail. It is best to avoid crossing lines. The exception to this rule is that it doesn't apply to Construction (blue) Geometry.

Inside the enclosed area we can have smaller non-overlapping areas. These will become voids when the 3D solid is created.

Once a Sketch is fully constrained, the Sketch features will turn green; Construction Geometry will remain blue. It is usually "finished" at this point and suitable for use in creating a 3D solid. However, once the Sketch dialog is closed it may be worthwhile going to Part Workbench and running Check geometry to ensure there are no features in the Sketch which may cause later problems.

Tools

Nástroje

Nástroje pracovní plochy Skicář jsou umístěny v menu Skicář, které se zobrazí když natáhnete pracovní plochu Skicář.

introduced in version 0.21: If a sketch is in edit mode the Structure toolbar is hidden as none of its tools can then be used.

General

Sketcher toolbar

  • Create sketch: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.
  • Reorient sketch: Allows you to attach the sketch to one of the main planes.
  • Validate sketch: Analyze and repair a sketch that is no longer editable, has invalid constraints, or is missing coincident constraints.
  • Mirror sketch: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin.

Sketcher Edit Mode toolbar

  • View sketch: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.
  • View section: Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane.

Sketcher edit tools toolbar

Other

  • Stop operation: When in edit mode, stop the current operation, whether that is drawing, setting constraints, etc.

Sketcher geometries

These are tools for creating objects.

  • Line: Draws a line segment between 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.
  • Create arc:
  • Arc: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.
  • Arc by 3 points: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.
  • Create circle:
  • Circle: Draws a circle from center and radius.
  • Create conic:
  • Ellipse by center: Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point.
  • Arc of ellipse: Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point.
  • B-spline:
  • Polyline (multiple-point line): Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the M key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.
  • Create rectangle:
  • Rectangle: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.
  • Create regular polygon:
  • Triangle: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Square: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Pentagon: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Hexagon: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Heptagon: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Octagon: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Regular polygon : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.
  • Create slot:
  • Slot: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.
  • Create fillet:
  • Fillet: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel lines.
  • Corner-preserving fillet: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel lines while preserving their (virtual) intersection.
  • Edit edge:
  • Trim: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.
  • Extend: Extends a line or an arc to a boundary line, arc, ellipse, arc of ellipse or a point in space.
  • Toggle construction geometry: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.

Sketcher constraints

Constraints are used to define lengths, set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes. Some constraints require use of Helper constraints.

  • Coincident: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points. It acts as a concentric constraint if two or more circles, arcs, ellipses or arcs of ellipses are selected.
  • Point on object: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.
  • Horizontal/Vertical constraints:
  • Horizontal: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
  • Vertical: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
  • Parallel: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.
  • Perpendicular: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.
  • Tangent: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.
  • Equal: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
  • Symmetric: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.
  • Block: it blocks an edge from moving, that is, it prevents its vertices from changing their current positions. It should be particularly useful to fix the position of B-Splines. See the Block Constraint forum topic.
  • Dimensional constraints:
  • Lock: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.
  • Horizontal distance: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
  • Vertical distance: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
  • Distance: Defines the length of a line, the perpendicular distance between a point and a line, the distance between two points, or, introduced in version 0.21, the distance between the edges of two circles.
  • Radius: Defines the radius of an arc or circle or the weight of a B-spline pole.
  • Diameter: Defines the diameter of an arc or circle.
  • Angle: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.

Special constraints

  • Refraction (Snell's law): Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface.

Constraint tools

The following tools can be used the change the effect of constraints:

Sketcher tools

  • Show/hide internal geometry: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.
  • Symmetry: Copies a sketcher element symmetrical to a chosen line.
  • Clone: Clones a sketcher element.
  • Copy: Copies a sketcher element.
  • Move: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point.

Sketcher B-spline tools

Sketcher visual

Obsolete tools

  • Close shape: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in version 0.21 and above.
  • Connect edges: Connect sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in version 0.21 and above.

Preferences

Best Practices

Dobrá praxe

Každý uživatel CADu si časem vytvoří svůj vlastní způsob práce, ale je několik obecných principů, které je dobré následovat.

  • Je snadnější pracovat se sérií jednoduchých náčrtů než s jedním složitým. Například první náčrt může být vytvořen jako základ 3D tvarů (buď deska nebo obtáčení), zatímco druhý může obsahovat otvory nebo vyřezy (kapsy). Některé detaily mohou být vynechány s pozdější realizací na 3D tvaru. Pokud je na náčrtu mnoho zaoblení, můžete je vynechat a přidat je až na 3D tvaru.
  • Vždy vytvářejte uzavřený profil jinak náčrt nebude generovat těleso, ale místo toho skupinu otevřených ploch. Pokud chcete aby některé objekty nebyly zahrnuty při vytváření tělesa, změňte je na konstrukční prvky pomocí nástroje Konstrukční mód.
  • Použijte vlastnost autovazba pro omezení počtu vazeb, když je musíte přidávat ručně.
  •  Je obecné pravidlo, nejprve nastavit konstrukční vazby, potom délkové vazby a nakonec uzamknout náčrt. Ale pamatujte si: pravidla jsou k tomu aby se porušovala. Když máte problémy s manipulací s náčrtem, může se hodit nastavit vazby mezi několika objekty před kompletací profilu.
  • Pokud je to možné vystřeďte náčrt na počátek (0,0) s vazbou uzamčení. Není-li náčrt symetrický, umístěte jeden z jeho bodů do počátku nebo vyberte pěkné kulaté číslo pro uzamčenou vzdálenost. Ve verzi v0.12 nejsou implementovány externí vazby (vazbí náčrt k existující 3D konstrukci jako jsou hrany nebo jiné náčrty).

To znamená, že pro umístění následujících konstrukčních náčrtů na první náčrt budete potřebovat nastavit vzdálenost relativně k prvnímu náčrtu ručně. Vazba uzamčení na (25,75) od počátku je mnohem jednodušší pro zapamatování než (23.47,73.02).

  • Máte-li možnost vybrat si mezi vazbou Délky a vazbou Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti, dejte přednost té druhé. Vazby Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti jsou méně náročné na výpočty.

Tutorials

Scripting

The Sketcher scripting page contains examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.

Examples

For some ideas of what can be achieved with Sketcher tools, have a look at: Sketcher examples.