Part Module: Difference between revisions

From FreeCAD Documentation
(The most basic object that can be created is a Part Feature, which has a simple DATAPlacement property, and basic properties to define its color and appearance.)
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{{docnav|[[OpenSCAD Module|OpenSCAD Module]]|[[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]|IconL=OpenSCADWorkbench.svg|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg}}
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[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|thumb|128px|Part workbench icon]]


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== Introduction == <!--T:1-->
== Introduction == <!--T:83-->

The solid modelling capabilities of FreeCAD are based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Cascade_Technology Open Cascade Technology] (OCCT) kernel, a professional-grade CAD system that features advanced 3D geometry creation and manipulation. The [[Part Workbench|Part Workbench]] is a layer sitting on top of the OCCT libraries, that gives the user access to OCCT geometric primitives and functions. Essentially all 2D and 3D drawing functions in every workbench ([[Draft Workbench|Draft]], [[Sketcher Workbench|Sketcher]], [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign]], etc.), are based on these functions exposed by the Part Workbench. Therefore, the Part Workbench is considered the core component of the modelling capabilities of FreeCAD.
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The solid modelling capabilities of FreeCAD are based on the [[OpenCASCADE|OpenCASCADE Technology]] (OCCT) kernel, a professional-grade CAD system that features advanced 3D geometry creation and manipulation. The [[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|24px]] [[Part_Workbench|Part Workbench]] is a layer sitting on top of the OCCT libraries, that gives the user access to OCCT geometric primitives and functions. Essentially all 2D and 3D drawing functions in every workbench ([[Image:Workbench_Draft.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Workbench|Draft]], [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]], [[Image:Workbench_PartDesign.svg|24px]] [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign]], etc.), are based on these functions exposed by the Part Workbench. Therefore, the Part Workbench is considered the core component of the modelling capabilities of FreeCAD.

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A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: [[Part_and_PartDesign|Part and Part Design]].


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The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modelling paradigm is known as the [[constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.
The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. '''This modeling paradigm is known as the [[Constructive_solid_geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems.''' On the other hand, the [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature_editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.


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Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.
Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh_Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.


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[[Image:Part example.jpg]]

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{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD}}
{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.}}


== Tools == <!--T:4-->
== Tools == <!--T:4-->


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The tools are all located in the {{MenuCommand|Part}} menu.
The tools are located in the {{MenuCommand|Part}} menu or the {{MenuCommand|Measure}} menu.


===Primitives=== <!--T:6-->
=== Primitives === <!--T:6-->


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* [[Image:Part_Box.png|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Draws a box by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box.
* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.png|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Draws a cylinder by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Sphere.png|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Draws a sphere by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Cone.png|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Draws a cone by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Torus.png|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Draws a torus (ring) by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_CreatePrimitives.png|32px]] [[Part_CreatePrimitives|CreatePrimitives]]: A tool to create various parametric geometric primitives
* [[Image:Part_Shapebuilder.png|32px]] [[Part_Shapebuilder|Shapebuilder]]: A tool to create more complex shapes from various parametric geometric primitives


===Modifying objects=== <!--T:38-->
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* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Creates a cylinder.

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* [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Creates a sphere.

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* [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone.

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* [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus.

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* [[File:Part_Tube.svg|32px]] [[Part_Tube|Tube]]: Creates a tube.

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* [[Image:Part_Primitives.svg|32px]] [[Part_Primitives|Create primitives...]]: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
**[[Image:Part_Plane.svg|32px]] [[Part_Plane|Plane]]: Creates a plane.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Box_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Cylinder_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Cone_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Sphere_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]] tool.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipsoid.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipsoid|Ellipsoid]]: Creates a ellipsoid.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Torus_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]] tool.
**[[Image:Part_Prism.svg|32px]] [[Part_Prism|Prism]]: Creates a prism.
**[[Image:Part_Wedge.svg|32px]] [[Part_Wedge|Wedge]]: Creates a wedge.
**[[Image:Part_Helix.svg|32px]] [[Part_Helix|Helix]]: Creates a helix.
**[[Image:Part_Spiral.svg|32px]] [[Part_Spiral|Spiral]]: Creates a spiral.
**[[Image:Part_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Part_Circle|Circle]]: Creates a circular arc.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipse|Ellipse]]: Creates an elliptical arc.
**[[Image:Part_Point.svg|32px]] [[Part_Point|Point]]: Creates a point.
**[[Image:Part_Line.svg|32px]] [[Part_Line|Line]]: Creates a line.
**[[Image:Part_RegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Part_RegularPolygon|Regular polygon]]: Creates a regular polygon.

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* [[Image:Part_Builder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Builder|Shape builder...]]: Creates shapes from various primitives.

=== Creation and modification === <!--T:38-->


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These are tools for modifying existing objects. They will allow you to choose which object to modify.
These are tools for creating new and modifying existing objects.


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* [[Image:Part_Extrude.png|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces of an object
* [[Image:Part_Extrude.svg|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces.

* [[Image:Part_Revolve.png|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving another object (not solid) around an axis
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* [[Image:Part_Mirror.png|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object on a given mirror plane
* [[Image:Part_Fillet.png|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_Revolve.svg|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.

* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.png|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object
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* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]:
* [[Image:Part_Loft.png|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another
* [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.

* [[Image:Part_Sweep.png|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path
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* [[Image:Part_Scale.svg|32px]] [[Part_Scale|Scale]]: Scales one or more shapes. {{Version|0.22}}

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* [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.

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* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object.

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* [[File:Part_MakeFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeFace|Make face from wires]]: Makes a face from a set of wires (contours).

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* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]: Creates a ruled surface.

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* [[Image:Part_Loft.svg|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another.

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* [[Image:Part_Sweep.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.

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* [[Image:Part_Section.svg|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.

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* [[Image:Part_CrossSections.svg|32px]] [[Part_CrossSections|Cross sections...]]: Creates one or more cross-sections through an object.


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* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
** [[Image:Part_Offset.png|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from an original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.png|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face. {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from an original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face.


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* [[Image:Part_Thickness.png|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid, leaving openings next to select faces.
* [[Image:Part_Thickness.svg|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid.


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* [[Image:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Project a logo, text or any face,wire,edge to a surface. With the projection part it is possible to create a solid or wire. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Projects a logo, text or any face, wire or edge onto a surface.

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* [[Image:Part_EditAttachment.svg|32px]] [[Part_EditAttachment|Attachment]]: Attaches an object to another object.

=== Boolean === <!--T:119-->

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These tools perform boolean operations.


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* [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
** [[Image:Part MakeCompound.png|32px]] [[Part MakeCompound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Tool to split up compounds of shapes
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Splits up compounds.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.png|32px]] [[Part Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: The CompoundFilter can be used to extract the individual pieces.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: Extracts the individual pieces from compounds.


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* [[Image:Part_Booleans.png|32px]] [[Part_Booleans|Booleans]]: Performs boolean operations on objects
* [[Image:Part_Boolean.svg|32px]] [[Part_Boolean|Boolean]]: Performs boolean operations on objects.

* [[Image:Part_Union.png|32px]] [[Part_Union|Union]]: Fuses (unions) two objects
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* [[Image:Part_Common.png|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects
* [[Image:Part_Cut.png|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another
* [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.

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* [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fuse|Fuse]]: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.

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* [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.


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* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]: smart booleans for walled objects (e.g., pipes) {{Version|0.16}}
* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]:
** [[Image:Part JoinConnect.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of objects {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinConnect.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of walled objects.
** [[Image:Part JoinEmbed.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinEmbed.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
** [[Image:Part JoinCutout.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinCutout.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.


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* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]: {{Version|0.17}}
* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]:
** [[Image:Part BooleanFragments.png|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: makes all the pieces that can be obtained by Boolean operations between objects {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice a part]]: tool to split shapes by intersection with other shapes
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice apart]]: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part Slice.png|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Splits an object into pieces by intersections with another object {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part XOR.png|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: removes space shared by even number of objects (symmetric version of [[Part_Cut|Cut]]) {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.

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* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: {{Version|0.18}}
* [[Image:Part_Section.png|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane
* [[Image:Part_SectionCross.png|32px]] [[Part_SectionCross|Cross sections...]]:
* [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] [[Part Attachment|Attachment]]: attachment is a utility to attach an object to another one.


=== Measure === <!--T:58-->
=== Measure === <!--T:58-->

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[[File:Std Measure Menu.png|64px]] [[Std Measure Menu|Measure]]: Allows linear and angular measurement between points, edges, and faces.


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* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]] allows you to make linear measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]]: Creates a linear measurement.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Angular|Measure Angular]] allows you to make angular measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Refresh|Measure Refresh]] updates the measurements on screen.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Clear_All|Clear All]] Clears all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]] shows or hides all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3d.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3d|Toggle 3D]] shows or hides 3D measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]] shows or hides delta measurements.


===Other tools=== <!--T:41-->
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* [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Angular|Measure Angular]]: Creates an angular measurement.


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* [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Refresh|Measure Refresh]]: Updates all measurements.
* [[Image:Part ImportCAD.png|32px]] [[Part ImportCAD|Import CAD]]: This tool allows you to add a file *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP to the current document.
* [[Image:Part ExportCAD.png|32px]] [[Part ExportCAD|Export CAD]]: This tool allows you to export a part object in a *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP file.
* [[File:Part BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|BoxSelection]]: add to the selection the faces of the shapes that are touches by the rectangular selection. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Part ShapeFromMesh.png|32px]] [[Part ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part PointsFromMesh|Points from mesh]]: creates a shape object made of points from the mesh. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Part ConvertToSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
* [[Part ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of the selected object.


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* Create a copy:
** [[Image:Part CreateSimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part CreateSimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of the selected object.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Clear_All|Clear All]]: Clears all measurements.
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: creates a transformed copy of the selected object.
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of the selected object.
** [[Image:Part RefineShape.png|32px]] [[Part RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


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* [[Image:Part CheckGeometry.png|32px]] [[Part CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]]: Shows or hides all measurements.


== Preferences == <!--T:43-->
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* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3D|Toggle 3D]]: Shows or hides 3D measurements.


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* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preference|Preference ...]] Import Export
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]]: Shows or hides delta measurements.


== OCCT geometric concepts == <!--T:11-->
=== Other tools === <!--T:41-->


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* [[File:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part_Import|Import]]: Imports from *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
In OpenCascade terminology, we distinguish between geometric primitives and topological shapes. A geometric primitive can be a point, a line, a circle, a plane, etc. or even some more complex types like a B-Spline curve or a surface. A shape can be a vertex, an edge, a wire, a face, a solid or a compound of other shapes. The geometric primitives are not made to be directly displayed on the 3D scene, but rather to be used as building geometry for shapes. For example, an edge can be constructed from a line or from a portion of a circle.


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* [[File:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part_Export|Export]]: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
In summary, geometry primitives are "shapeless" building blocks, while topological shapes are the real objects built on them.


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* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|Box selection]]: Selects faces from a rectangular area.
A complete list of all primitives and shapes refer to the [http://www.opencascade.org/org/doc/ OCC documentation] (Alternative: [http://opencascade.sourcearchive.com/documentation/6.3.0.dfsg.1-1/classes.html sourcearchive.com]) and search for '''Geom_*''' (for geometric primitives) and '''TopoDS_*''' (for shapes). There you can also read more about the differences between them. Please note that the official OCC documentation is not available online (you must download an archive) and is mostly aimed at programmers, not at end-users. But hopefully you'll find enough information to get started here.


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* [[File:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_ShapeFromMesh|Create shape from mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
The geometric types actually can be divided into two major groups: curves and surfaces. Out of the curves (line, circle, ...) you can directly build an edge, out of the surfaces (plane, cylinder, ...) a face can be built. For example, the geometric primitive line is unlimited, i.e. it is defined by a base vector and a direction vector while its shape representation must be something limited by a start and end point. And a box -- a solid -- can be created by six limited planes.


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* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_PointsFromMesh|Create points object from geometry]]: Creates a points object from a geometric object.
From an edge or face you can also go back to its geometric primitive counterpart.


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* [[File:Part_MakeSolid.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
Thus, out of shapes you can build very complex parts or, the other way round, extract all sub-shapes a more complex shape is made of.


== Scripting == <!--T:18-->
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* [[File:Part_ReverseShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_ReverseShape|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of selected objects.


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* Create a copy:
{{Emphasis|See also:}} [[Part scripting|Part scripting]]
** [[File:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of a selected object.
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: Creates a transformed copy of a selected object.
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: Creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of a selected object.
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


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* [[File:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part_CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
The main data structure used in the Part module is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation BRep] data type from OpenCascade.
Almost all contents and object types of the Part module are available by [[Python|Python]] scripting. This includes geometric primitives, such as Line and Circle (or Arc), and the whole range of TopoShapes, like Vertexes, Edges, Wires, Faces, Solids and Compounds. For each of those objects, several creation methods exist, and for some of them, especially the TopoShapes, advanced operations like boolean union/difference/intersection are also available. Explore the contents of the Part module, as described in the [[FreeCAD Scripting Basics|FreeCAD Scripting Basics]] page, to know more.


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The most basic object that can be created is a [[Part Feature|Part Feature]], which has a simple {{PropertyData|Placement}} property, and basic properties to define its color and appearance.
* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: Removes features from an object.


=== Examples === <!--T:20-->
=== Context menu items === <!--T:80-->


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* [[File:Std_SetAppearance.svg|32px]] [[Std_SetAppearance|Appearance]]: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).
To create a line element switch to the Python console and type in:
</translate>
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}
<translate>
<!--T:22-->
Let's go through the above python example step by step:
</translate>
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
}}
<translate>
<!--T:23-->
loads the Part module and creates a new document
</translate>
{{Code|code=
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
}}
<translate>
<!--T:24-->
Line is actually a line segment, hence the start and endpoint.
</translate>
{{Code|code=
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
}}
<translate>
<!--T:25-->
This adds a Part object type to the document and assigns the shape representation of the line segment to the 'Shape' property of the added object. It is important to understand here that we used a geometric primitive (the Part.LineSegment) to create a TopoShape out of it (the toShape() method). Only Shapes can be added to the document. In FreeCAD, geometry primitives are used as "building structures" for Shapes.
</translate>
{{Code|code=
doc.recompute()
}}
<translate>
<!--T:26-->
Updates the document. This also prepares the visual representation of the new part object.


<!--T:27-->
<!--T:117-->
* [[File:Part_FaceColors.svg|32px]] [[Part_FaceColors|Set colors]]: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.
Note that a Line Segment can be created by specifying its start and endpoint directly in the constructor, for example Part.LineSegment(point1,point2), or we can create a default line and set its properties afterwards, as we did here.


<!--T:28-->
== Preferences == <!--T:43-->
A circle can be created in a similar way:
</translate>
{{Code|code=
import Part
doc = App.activeDocument()
c = Part.Circle()
c.Radius=10.0
f = doc.addObject("Part::Feature", "Circle")
f.Shape = c.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}
<translate>
<!--T:29-->
Note again, we used the circle (geometry primitive) to construct a shape out of it. We can of course still access our construction geometry afterwards, by doing:
</translate>
{{Code|code=
s = f.Shape
e = s.Edges[0]
c = e.Curve
}}
<translate>
<!--T:30-->
Here we take the shape of our object f, then we take its list of edges. In this case there will be only one because we made the whole shape out of a single circle, so we take only the first item of the Edges list, and we takes its curve. Every Edge has a Curve, which is the geometry primitive it is based on.


<!--T:31-->
<!--T:44-->
<!--The PartDesign preferences are defined in the Part workbench and both the PartDesign workbench and the Part workbench use them-->
Head to the [[Topological data scripting|Topological data scripting]] page if you would like to know more.
* [[Image:Preferences-part_design.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preferences|Import Export Preferences]]: Preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
* [[Fine-tuning]]: Some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

== Scripting == <!--T:18-->

<!--T:56-->
See [[Part scripting|Part scripting]].


== Tutorials == <!--T:34-->
== Tutorials == <!--T:34-->

<!--T:82-->
* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module


<!--T:32-->
{{docnav|[[OpenSCAD Module|OpenSCAD Module]]|[[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]|IconL=OpenSCADWorkbench.svg|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg}}

<!--T:53-->
{{Userdocnavi}}
[[Category:Part]]
[[Category:Workbenches]]


<!--T:32-->
{{Docnav
|[[OpenSCAD_Workbench|OpenSCAD Workbench]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]
|IconL=Workbench_OpenSCAD.svg
|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
}}


</translate>
</translate>
{{Part Tools navi{{#translation:}}}}
{{Userdocnavi{{#translation:}}}}
[[Category:Workbenches{{#translation:}}]]

Latest revision as of 13:51, 16 November 2023

Part workbench icon

Introduction

The solid modelling capabilities of FreeCAD are based on the OpenCASCADE Technology (OCCT) kernel, a professional-grade CAD system that features advanced 3D geometry creation and manipulation. The Part Workbench is a layer sitting on top of the OCCT libraries, that gives the user access to OCCT geometric primitives and functions. Essentially all 2D and 3D drawing functions in every workbench ( Draft, Sketcher, PartDesign, etc.), are based on these functions exposed by the Part Workbench. Therefore, the Part Workbench is considered the core component of the modelling capabilities of FreeCAD.

A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: Part and Part Design.

The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modeling paradigm is known as the constructive solid geometry (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the PartDesign Workbench provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations (feature editing), until the final object is obtained.

Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the Mesh Workbench, as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.

The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.

Tools

The tools are located in the Part menu or the Measure menu.

Primitives

These are tools for creating primitive objects.

  • Box: Creates a box.
  • Cone: Creates a cone.
  • Tube: Creates a tube.
  • Create primitives...: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
    • Plane: Creates a plane.
    • Box: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the Box tool.
    • Cylinder: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the Cylinder tool.
    • Cone: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the Cone tool.
    • Sphere: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the Sphere tool.
    • Ellipsoid: Creates a ellipsoid.
    • Torus: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the Torus tool.
    • Prism: Creates a prism.
    • Wedge: Creates a wedge.
    • Helix: Creates a helix.
    • Spiral: Creates a spiral.
    • Circle: Creates a circular arc.
    • Ellipse: Creates an elliptical arc.
    • Point: Creates a point.
    • Line: Creates a line.
    • Regular polygon: Creates a regular polygon.

Creation and modification

These are tools for creating new and modifying existing objects.

  • Revolve: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.
  • Mirror: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.
  • Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.
  • Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object.
  • Loft: Lofts from one profile to another.
  • Sweep: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.
  • Section: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.
  • Offset tools:
    • 3D Offset: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from an original.
    • 2D Offset: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from an original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face.
  • Attachment: Attaches an object to another object.

Boolean

These tools perform boolean operations.

  • Boolean: Performs boolean operations on objects.
  • Cut: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.
  • Fuse: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.
  • Common: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
  • Join features:
    • Connect: Connects interiors of walled objects.
    • Embed: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
    • Cutout: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.
  • Splitting tools:
    • Boolean fragments: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
    • Slice apart: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • Slice: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • XOR: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.

Measure

Other tools

  • Import: Imports from *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
  • Export: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.

Context menu items

  • Appearance: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).
  • Set colors: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.

Preferences

  • Preferences: Preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
  • Import Export Preferences: Preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
  • Fine-tuning: Some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

Scripting

See Part scripting.

Tutorials