Part Loft: Difference between revisions

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{{GuiCommand|Name=Part Loft|MenuLocation=Part Loft...||Workbenches=[[Part Module|Part]]|SeeAlso=[[Part Sweep|Part Sweep]]}}


==Overview== <!--T:3-->
{{GuiCommand|Name=Part_Loft|MenuLocation=Part -> Loft...||Workbenches=[[Part_Module|Part]]|SeeAlso=[[Part_Sweep|Part_Sweep]]}}
The FreeCAD Loft tool (Part Workbench), is used to create a face, shell or a solid shape from two or more profiles. The profiles can be a point (vertex), line (Edge), wire or face. Edges and wires may be either open or closed. There are various [[Part_Loft#limitations and complications|limitations and complications]], see below, however the profiles may come from the Part Workbench primitives, Draft Workbench features and a Sketch.


==Overview==

The FreeCAD Loft tool (Part Workbench), is used to create a face, faces or a solid shape from two or more profiles. The profiles can be a point (vertex), line (Edge) or wire. Edges and wires may be either open or closed. There are various [[Part_Loft#limitations and complications|limitations and complications]], see below, however the profiles may come from the Part Workbench primitives, some Draft Workbench features and be created in a Sketch.


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The Loft has three parameters, "Ruled","Solid" and "Closed" each with a value of either "true" or "false".
The Loft has three parameters, "Ruled","Solid" and "Closed" each with a value of either "true" or "false".


<!--T:5-->
If "Ruled" is "true" FreeCAD creates a face, faces or a solid from ruled surfaces. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruled_surface Ruled surface page on Wikipedia.]
If "Ruled" is "true" FreeCAD creates a face, faces or a solid from ruled surfaces. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruled_surface Ruled surface page on Wikipedia.]


<!--T:6-->
If "Solid" is "true" FreeCAD creates a solid if the profiles are of closed geometry, if "false" FreeCAD creates a face(s) for open profiles, or a shell from closed profiles.
If "Solid" is "true" FreeCAD creates a solid if the profiles are of closed geometry, if "false" FreeCAD creates a face or (if more than one face) a shell for either open or closed profiles.


<!--T:7-->
If "Closed" is "true" FreeCAD attempts to loft the last profile to the first profile to create a closed figure.
If "Closed" is "true" FreeCAD attempts to loft the last profile to the first profile to create a closed figure.


<!--T:29-->
For more info on how the profiles are joined together, refer [[Part Loft Technical Details|Part Loft Technical Details]] page.

<!--T:8-->
[[File:Part_Loft_solid_ruled_from3profiles_example_FreeCAD_0_13.jpg|frame|centre|Part_Loft. From three profiles which are two Part_Circles and one Part_Ellipse. Parameters are Solid "True" and Ruled "True"]]
[[File:Part_Loft_solid_ruled_from3profiles_example_FreeCAD_0_13.jpg|frame|centre|Part_Loft. From three profiles which are two Part_Circles and one Part_Ellipse. Parameters are Solid "True" and Ruled "True"]]


==limitations and complications==
==Limitations and complications== <!--T:9-->

*A vertex or point
*A vertex or point
** vertex or point may only be used as the first and/or last profile in the list of profiles.
** vertex or point may only be used as the first and/or last profile in the list of profiles.
***For example
***For example
****you can not loft from a circle to a point, to a ellipse.
****you cannot loft from a circle to a point, to an ellipse.
****However you could Loft from a point to a circle to an ellipse to another point.
****However you could Loft from a point to a circle to an ellipse to another point.
*Open or closed geometry profiles can not be mixed in one single Loft
*Open or closed geometry profiles can not be mixed in one single Loft
**In one Loft, all profiles (lines wires etc.) must be either open or closed.
**In one Loft, all profiles (lines wires etc.) must be either open or closed.
***For example
***For example
****FreeCAD can not Loft between one Part_Circle and one default Part_Line.
****FreeCAD can not Loft between one Part Circle and one default Part Line.
*Draft Workbench features
*Draft Workbench features
**Draft Workbench features can only be directly used if they have open geometry. Draft Workbench creates a face for all its closed features. It is possible to use the Draft upgrade/downgrade tools on a Draft closed geometry to create a wire which can then be used in a Loft.
**Draft Workbench features can be directly used as a profile in FreeCAD 0.14 or later.
***For example the following Draft features can be used as profiles in a Part Loft
***For example
****You can not directly use a Draft Polygon (unless you use the Draft downgrade tool).
****Draft Polygon.
****Draft Point, Line, wire,
****You can directly use a Draft wire or Draft B-spline but only if it is not closed. If you close one, you would then have to use the Draft downgrade tool
****Draft B-spline, Bezier Curve
****Draft Circle, Ellipse, Rectangle
*PartDesign Sketches
*PartDesign Sketches
**The profile may be created with a sketch. However only a valid sketch will be shown in the list to be available for selection.
**The profile may be created with a sketch. However only a valid sketch will be shown in the list to be available for selection.
**The sketch must contain only one open or closed wire or line (can be multiple lines, if those lines are all connected as they are then a single wire)
**The sketch must contain only one open or closed wire or line (can be multiple lines, if those lines are all connected as they are then a single wire)
*Part Workbench
*Part Workbench
**the profile can be a valid Part geometric primitive which can be created with the [[Part_CreatePrimitives|Part_CreatePrimitives tool]]
**the profile can be a valid Part geometric primitive which can be created with the [[Part_CreatePrimitives|Part CreatePrimitives]] tool
***The following Part geometric primitives can be a valid profile
***For example the following Part geometric primitives can be a valid profile
****Point (Vertex), Line (Edge)
****Helix
****Circle
****Helix, Spiral
****Ellipse
****Circle, Ellipse
****Line (Edge)
****Regular Polygon
****Point (Vertex)
****Plane (Face)

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*Closed Lofts
*Closed Lofts
** The results of closed lofts may be unexpected - the loft may develop twists or kinks. Lofting is very sensitive to the Placement of the profiles and the complexity of the curves required to connect the corresponding Vertices in all the profiles.
** The results of closed lofts may be unexpected - the loft may develop twists or kinks. Lofting is very sensitive to the Placement of the profiles and the complexity of the curves required to connect the corresponding Vertices in all the profiles.


==An example Loft==
==An example Loft== <!--T:11-->
The Loft tool is in the Part Workbench, menu Part -> Loft... or via the icon in the tool bar.
The Loft tool is in the Part Workbench, menu Part -> Loft... or via the icon in the tool bar.


<!--T:12-->
[[Image:Part_Loft_Ikon_Ballon_Hilfe.png]]
[[Image:Part_Loft_Ikon_Ballon_Hilfe.png]]


<!--T:13-->
In the "Tasks" will be two lists: "node / wire" and "free form".
In the "Tasks" will be two lists: "node / wire" and "free form".


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[[Image:Part_Loft_Liste3.png]]
[[Image:Part_Loft_Liste3.png]]


===Selection of the elements===
===Selection of the elements=== <!--T:15-->
In the "node / wire" the available items are displayed. Two elements must be selected one after the first in this list.
In the "node / wire" the available items are displayed. Two elements must be selected one after the first in this list.


<!--T:16-->
[[Image:Part_Loft_Liste_Auswahl_3b.png]]
[[Image:Part_Loft_Liste_Auswahl_3b.png]]



<!--T:17-->
Thereafter, with the blue arrow that item is added to the list of "free form".
Thereafter, with the blue arrow that item is added to the list of "free form".


<!--T:18-->
[[Image:Part_Loft_Liste_Auswahl_3c.png]]
[[Image:Part_Loft_Liste_Auswahl_3c.png]]


<!--T:19-->
The selected items must be of the same type, so .
The selected items must be of the same type.


<!--T:20-->
Tip: the active / selected items in the list are displayed in the 3D area as active / selected.
Tip: the active / selected items in the list are displayed in the 3D area as active / selected.


===command complete===
===Command complete=== <!--T:21-->
If both elements are selected, the command can be completed with "OK".
If both elements are selected, the command can be completed with "OK".


<!--T:22-->
[[Image:Part_Loft_Liste_Auswahl_3d.png]]
[[Image:Part_Loft_Liste_Auswahl_3d.png]]


==Result== <!--T:23-->
==result==
From closed lines arise surfaces which might be taken at a superficial look for solids / solids.
From closed lines we get surfaces which might be taken as a superficial look for solids.


<!--T:24-->
[[Image:Part_Loft_geschlossen.png]]
[[Image:Part_Loft_geschlossen.png]]


<!--T:25-->
If indeed a solid / solid to be created, can be used either when you create the button "Create Solid" or after creating the field'' properties'' tab'' data'' created the free-form surface of the switch "Solid" by pop be set to "true" / set properly.
If indeed a solid needs to be created, used the button "Create Solid" or after creating the Loft switch to its '' properties'' tab'' data'' and set the switch "Solid" to true.


<!--T:26-->
The procedure is analogous open polylines.
The procedure is the same as described above with open polylines.


==FreeCAD Version==
==FreeCAD Version== <!--T:27-->
*added Version 0.13
*added Version 0.13
*"closed" property added Version 0.14
*"closed" property added Version 0.14
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{{languages | {{en|Part Loft}} {{de|Part Loft - Freiformfläche}} {{it|Part Loft/it}}}}
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Revision as of 20:31, 6 August 2018

Part Loft

Menu location
Part → Loft...
Workbenches
Part
Default shortcut
None
Introduced in version
-
See also
Part Sweep

Overview

The FreeCAD Loft tool (Part Workbench), is used to create a face, shell or a solid shape from two or more profiles. The profiles can be a point (vertex), line (Edge), wire or face. Edges and wires may be either open or closed. There are various limitations and complications, see below, however the profiles may come from the Part Workbench primitives, Draft Workbench features and a Sketch.

The Loft has three parameters, "Ruled","Solid" and "Closed" each with a value of either "true" or "false".

If "Ruled" is "true" FreeCAD creates a face, faces or a solid from ruled surfaces. Ruled surface page on Wikipedia.

If "Solid" is "true" FreeCAD creates a solid if the profiles are of closed geometry, if "false" FreeCAD creates a face or (if more than one face) a shell for either open or closed profiles.

If "Closed" is "true" FreeCAD attempts to loft the last profile to the first profile to create a closed figure.

For more info on how the profiles are joined together, refer Part Loft Technical Details page.

Part_Loft. From three profiles which are two Part_Circles and one Part_Ellipse. Parameters are Solid "True" and Ruled "True"

Limitations and complications

  • A vertex or point
    • vertex or point may only be used as the first and/or last profile in the list of profiles.
      • For example
        • you cannot loft from a circle to a point, to an ellipse.
        • However you could Loft from a point to a circle to an ellipse to another point.
  • Open or closed geometry profiles can not be mixed in one single Loft
    • In one Loft, all profiles (lines wires etc.) must be either open or closed.
      • For example
        • FreeCAD can not Loft between one Part Circle and one default Part Line.
  • Draft Workbench features
    • Draft Workbench features can be directly used as a profile in FreeCAD 0.14 or later.
      • For example the following Draft features can be used as profiles in a Part Loft
        • Draft Polygon.
        • Draft Point, Line, wire,
        • Draft B-spline, Bezier Curve
        • Draft Circle, Ellipse, Rectangle
  • PartDesign Sketches
    • The profile may be created with a sketch. However only a valid sketch will be shown in the list to be available for selection.
    • The sketch must contain only one open or closed wire or line (can be multiple lines, if those lines are all connected as they are then a single wire)
  • Part Workbench
    • the profile can be a valid Part geometric primitive which can be created with the Part CreatePrimitives tool
      • For example the following Part geometric primitives can be a valid profile
        • Point (Vertex), Line (Edge)
        • Helix, Spiral
        • Circle, Ellipse
        • Regular Polygon
        • Plane (Face)
  • Closed Lofts
    • The results of closed lofts may be unexpected - the loft may develop twists or kinks. Lofting is very sensitive to the Placement of the profiles and the complexity of the curves required to connect the corresponding Vertices in all the profiles.

An example Loft

The Loft tool is in the Part Workbench, menu Part -> Loft... or via the icon in the tool bar.

In the "Tasks" will be two lists: "node / wire" and "free form".

Selection of the elements

In the "node / wire" the available items are displayed. Two elements must be selected one after the first in this list.


Thereafter, with the blue arrow that item is added to the list of "free form".

The selected items must be of the same type.

Tip: the active / selected items in the list are displayed in the 3D area as active / selected.

Command complete

If both elements are selected, the command can be completed with "OK".

Result

From closed lines we get surfaces which might be taken as a superficial look for solids.

If indeed a solid needs to be created, used the button "Create Solid" or after creating the Loft switch to its properties tab data and set the switch "Solid" to true.

The procedure is the same as described above with open polylines.

FreeCAD Version

  • added Version 0.13
  • "closed" property added Version 0.14
  • Ability to use a face as a profile added Version 0.14