FreeCAD-Ship s60 tutorial (II)/fr

Avant de commencer ce didacticiel, veuillez vous assurer que vous avez déjà effectué la première partie.

Vous pouvez en apprendre plus surFreeCAD-Ship ici

Introduction
Dans ce tutoriel, nous allons travailler avec des poids et des réservoirs afin de calculer la courbe GZ, le paramètre de stabilité hydrostatique le plus important. GZ est le moment statique généré lorsque le navire prend un angle de roulis, bien sûr, puisque le bras GZ est positif, le navire a un moment positif et tentera de reprendre sa position verticale. Cependant, lorsque GZ tourne sur des nombres négatifs, la stabilité du navire n'est plus, provoquant une situation critique.

IMO - International Maritime Organization (Organisation maritime internationale) a défini les critères suivants:
 * GM >= 0.15 m. GM (metacentric height) hauteur métacentrique est la tangente initiale de la courbe GZ
 * La valeur maximale GZ doit être placée sur plus de 30 degrés d'angle de roulis.
 * Avec un angle de roulis de 30 degrés, la valeur GZ doit être d'au moins 0,2 m.
 * La zone concernée par la courbe GZ avec un angle de roulis maximal de 40 degrés doit être d'au moins 0,090 m · rad.
 * La zone concernée par la courbe en GZ avec un angle de roulis inférieur à 30 degrés doit être d'au moins 0,055 m · rad.
 * La zone concernée par la courbe "GZ" entre 30 et 40 degrés d'angle de roulis doit être d'au moins 0,030 m · rad.

Dans ce didacticiel, nous allons définir des poids et des réservoirs pour notre navire de la série 60, dans une situation irréelle.

Ship weights
In order to can compute GZ curve we need to know ship weights, and their position at each roll angle, so weights will be divided in two categories:
 * Fixed weights, that are fully linked to ship movements.
 * Tanks, where fluid shape changes with the angle, needing center of gravity computation at each position.

FreeCAD-Ship provides two different tools to generate each instance.

Weights definition tool icon.

Weights definition tool can be used to set first category of weights. When you launch the tool for first time (with ship instance selected), FreeCAD-Ship initialize ship weights with Lightweight ship (equal to ship displacement) that is placed on ship geometry centre of gravity X coordinate, and at design draft height. Usually you have at least, 2 relevant weights:
 * Structure.
 * Main engine (or several of them).

So we will change it. Doing double click over each cell we can edit the value, seting this weights:
 * Structure, 15000 kg, (-0.1, 0, 1.25) m
 * Starboard engine, 5000 kg, (-6.5, -0.65, 0.5) m
 * Port side engine, 5000 kg, (-6.5, 0.65, 0.5) m
 * Emergency engine, 2500 kg, (0.2, 0, 2.5) m

Weights definition 3D preview.

Weights position are shown at 3D screen view. This annotations will be removed when you ends with the tool, so don't take care about this. When you press Accept weights will stored at your ship instance.

Tanks
Tanks must be created on top of solid geometry, as the ship instance, so first step is create two bow tanks (one per ship side) solid geometries that we will consider (Ussually ships have a lot of tanks for fuel, fresh water, salt water, load, etc).

Geometry generation
In order to generate tanks we load Part module, and create a box solid.

We need to edit the box, so we select it at Atributes and tags tree, and change from view to data tab. Uncollapse Placement, and into them Position, and set x to 1.5, and z to -1. We want to change box lenght too changing it for 5.0 (note that units can be in mm, don't take care about this).

Tank geometry will be common part of created box and ship geometry, so we can hide Ship instance, and show s60_IowaUniversity geometry. Selecting box and s60_IowaUniversity we can use Common operation generating our starboard tank geometry.

Generated tank geometry.

We can perform port side tank selecting our starboard geometry and executing mirror tool, selecting XZ as mirror plane.

In order to convert geometry into a ussual solid shape our tanks, and recover our s60_IowaUniversity geometry, we can load Draft module, and with starboard tank geometry selected execute Upgrade, and repeat with port side tank geometry. We can rename geometries as:
 * StarboardTankGeom
 * PortTankGeom

We can delete created Box, that we don't need anymore.

Tank intances generation
If reload FreeCAD-Ship module another time, we can find tank instances generator tool.

Tank instance generation tool icon.

Now we can select StarboardTankGeom and execute tank instnace generation tool, where some data must be provided. We will set 40% of filling level, and 925 kg/m$$\mathrm{m}^{3}$$ (fuel approach). When Accept is clicked a new tank instance called Tank is generated. We can rename it as StarboardTank, and hide StarboardTankGeom.

We can repeat the same process in order to generate PortTank.

View of generated weights.

Figure shown our ship result that we will compute.

GZ curve computation
FreeCAD-Ship provide a tool to easily compute a GZ curve.

GZ curve computation tool icon.

With Ship instance selected, we can run the tool. The first thing that we can see at opened dialog is a list with all tank instances found at active document. We want to use both of them, so we click over the tanks that are remarked with a diferent background.

In order to know the resultant ship displacement and draft we can press Update displacement and draft, taking some time for the computation. We receive following data:
 * Displacement = 37505.5 kg
 * Draft = 0.818664 m

So we are in a unloaded situation, where draft are sightly lower than design draft. Ussually lower drafts imply lower ship stability, the draft depends on loading condition, so if we really expect than ship can be operated in this loading condition we can consider implement ballast tanks.

We can also automatically compute ship trim, operation that can take around one minute, retrieving that our ship have 0.95 degrees of trim angle (positive by stern). In this example we will work without trim angle (0 degrees).

Tool request roll angles considered too. In this case we want to know all ship behaviour, so we can set:
 * 0 degrees starting roll angle.
 * 180 degrees ending roll angle.
 * 46 points. One for each 2 degrees. GZ computation can take some time, so take care about the number of points requested.

When we press Accept tool starts the computation. If you runs FreeCAD from terminal you can see work progress. In a couple of seconds we will receive GZ curve.

This tool use pyxplot and ghostscript too. You can see where gz.dat output file has been placed at the report view (View/Views/Report view), and load it with datasheet software (for example libreOffice). Nearby data file several auxiliary files has been created too:


 * gz.dat: Computed GZ curve data.
 * gz.pyxplot: pyxplot layout in order to plot the curve.
 * gz.eps: EPS image version.
 * gz.png: PNG image version.

This files will be overwritten if you executes the tool another time.

Results
Resultant GZ curve.

GZ maximum value is placed over 30 degrees (45 degrees), getting 0.25 m at 30 degrees (0.2 m is the minimum). Up to 30 degrees the area below GZ curve is 0.065 m·rad, up to 40 degrees we have 0.092 m·rad, being the area between 30 and 40 degrees of 0.027 m·rad. So our ship don't meets the IMO requeriments. The solution is place ballast tanks.

At the other hand the ship, in this bad condition, has positive GZ values up to 95 degrees roll angle, but has not been enoguht for IMO stability requirements, showing the hard cirteria imposed about this item.

Of course this example is not real (first for all fuel tanks cannot be placed in the double bottom structure, or using hull side as structure), but is a good example in order to learn to use FreeCAD-Ship.