Scripted objects/de

Außer den Standardobjektarten wie Anmerkungen, Mesh-und Teile-Objekten, bietet FreeCAD auch die erstaunliche Möglichkeit an, 100%-ige python-Skript-Objekte zu erstellen, genannt Python Features. Diese Objekte verhalten sich genau so wie jedes andere Objekt in FreeCAD und werden automatisch in Dateien gespeichert und wiederhergestellt, wenn laden / speichern ausgeführt wird.

Eine Besonderheit muss verstanden werden, jene Gegenstände werden in FreeCAD FcStd Dateien gespeichert mit python's cPickle-modul. Das Modul bildet aus einem Python-Objekt einen String, der dann einer gespeicherten Datei hinzugefügt werden kann. Beim Dateiöffnen, verwendet das cPickle Modul diese Zeichenfolge, um das ursprüngliche Objekt neu zu erstellen, vorausgesetzt, es hat den Zugriff auf den Quellcode, welcher das Objekt erstellt hat. Dies bedeutet, dass wenn Sie ein solches benutzerdefiniertes Objekt speichern und öffnen es auf einer Maschine, wo der Python-Code, der das Objekt erzeugt hat, ist nicht vorhanden, wird das Objekt nicht neu erstellt werden.

Python-Features folgen der gleichen Regeln wie alle FreeCAD Features: sie werden in App und GUI Teile getrennt. Der App Teil, das Document Object, definiert die Geometrie unseres Objektes, während der GUI-Teil, das View-Objekt, definiert, wie das Objekt auf dem Bildschirm gezeichnet wird. Das View-Objekt, ist wie jedes andere FreeCAD Feature nur verfügbar, wenn Sie FreeCAD in seiner eigenen GUI ausführen. Es gibt mehrere Eigenschaften und Methoden, die verfügbar sind, um Ihr Objekt zu erstellen. Eigenschaften muss von einem der in FreeCAD vordefinierten Typen sein, um im Eigenschafts-View-Fenster zu erscheinen, wo sie vom Benutzer editiert werden können. Auf diese Weise sind FeaturePython-Objekte wirklich und völlig parametrisch. Sie können die Eigenschaften für den Gegenstand und sein ViewObjekt getrennt definieren.

Grundlegendes Beispiel
Das folgende Beispiel kann in der src/Mod/TemplatePyMod/FeaturePython.py-Datei gefunden werden, zusammen mit einigen anderen Beispielen:

"Examples for a feature class and its view provider." import FreeCAD, FreeCADGui from pivy import coin class Box: def __init__(self, obj): "Add some custom properties to our box feature" obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Length","Box","Length of the box").Length=1.0 obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Width","Box","Width of the box").Width=1.0 obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Height","Box", "Height of the box").Height=1.0 obj.Proxy = self def onChanged(self, fp, prop): "Do something when a property has changed" FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Change property: " + str(prop) + "\n") def execute(self, fp): "Do something when doing a recomputation, this method is mandatory" FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Recompute Python Box feature\n") class ViewProviderBox: def __init__(self, obj): "Set this object to the proxy object of the actual view provider" obj.addProperty("App::PropertyColor","Color","Box","Color of the box").Color=(1.0,0.0,0.0) obj.Proxy = self def attach(self, obj): "Setup the scene sub-graph of the view provider, this method is mandatory" self.shaded = coin.SoGroup self.wireframe = coin.SoGroup self.scale = coin.SoScale self.color = coin.SoBaseColor data=coin.SoCube self.shaded.addChild(self.scale) self.shaded.addChild(self.color) self.shaded.addChild(data) obj.addDisplayMode(self.shaded,"Shaded"); style=coin.SoDrawStyle style.style = coin.SoDrawStyle.LINES self.wireframe.addChild(style) self.wireframe.addChild(self.scale) self.wireframe.addChild(self.color) self.wireframe.addChild(data) obj.addDisplayMode(self.wireframe,"Wireframe"); self.onChanged(obj,"Color") def updateData(self, fp, prop): "If a property of the handled feature has changed we have the chance to handle this here" # fp is the handled feature, prop is the name of the property that has changed l = fp.getPropertyByName("Length") w = fp.getPropertyByName("Width") h = fp.getPropertyByName("Height") self.scale.scaleFactor.setValue(l,w,h) pass def getDisplayModes(self,obj): "Return a list of display modes." modes=[] modes.append("Shaded") modes.append("Wireframe") return modes def getDefaultDisplayMode(self): "Return the name of the default display mode. It must be defined in getDisplayModes." return "Shaded" def setDisplayMode(self,mode): "Map the display mode defined in attach with those defined in getDisplayModes.\                Since they have the same names nothing needs to be done. This method is optional" return mode def onChanged(self, vp, prop): "Here we can do something when a single property got changed" FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Change property: " + str(prop) + "\n") if prop == "Color": c = vp.getPropertyByName("Color") self.color.rgb.setValue(c[0],c[1],c[2]) def getIcon(self): "Return the icon in XMP format which will appear in the tree view. This method is\                optional and if not defined a default icon is shown." return """ 			/* XPM */ 			static const char * ViewProviderBox_xpm[] = { 			"16 16 6 1", 			" 	c None", 			".	c #141010", 			"+	c #615BD2", 			"@	c #C39D55", 			"#	c #000000", 			"$	c #57C355", 			"       ........", 			"   ......++..+..", 			"   .@@@@.++..++.", 			"   .@@@@.++..++.", 			"   .@@  .++++++.", 			"  ..@@  .++..++.", 			"###@@@@ .++..++.", 			"##$.@@$#.++++++.", 			"#$#$.$$$........", 			"#$$#######      ", 			"#$$#$$$$$#      ", 			"#$$#$$$$$#      ", 			"#$$#$$$$$#      ", 			" #$#$$$$$#      ", 			"  ##$$$$$#      ", 			"   #######      "}; 			""" def __getstate__(self): "When saving the document this object gets stored using Python's cPickle module.\                Since we have some un-pickable here -- the Coin stuff -- we must define this method\                 to return a tuple of all pickable objects or None." return None def __setstate__(self,state): "When restoring the pickled object from document we have the chance to set some internals here.\                Since no data were pickled nothing needs to be done here." return None def makeBox: FreeCAD.newDocument a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::FeaturePython","Box") Box(a) ViewProviderBox(a.ViewObject)

Verfügbare Eigenschaften
--- Fortsetzung folgt -- to be continued 

Properties are the true building stones of FeaturePython objects. Through them, the user will be able to interact and modify your object. After creating a new FeaturePython object in your document ( a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::FeaturePython","Box") ), you can get a list of the available properties by issuing:

a.supportedProperties

You will get a list of available properties:

App::PropertyBool App::PropertyFloat App::PropertyFloatList App::PropertyFloatConstraint App::PropertyAngle App::PropertyDistance App::PropertyInteger App::PropertyIntegerConstraint App::PropertyPercent App::PropertyEnumeration App::PropertyIntegerList App::PropertyString App::PropertyStringList App::PropertyLink App::PropertyLinkList App::PropertyMatrix App::PropertyVector App::PropertyVectorList App::PropertyPlacement App::PropertyPlacementLink App::PropertyColor App::PropertyColorList App::PropertyMaterial App::PropertyPath App::PropertyFile App::PropertyFileIncluded Part::PropertyPartShape Part::PropertyFilletContour Part::PropertyCircle

When adding properties to your custom objects, take care of this:
 * Do not use characters "<" or ">" in the properties descriptions (that would break the xml pieces in the .fcstd file)
 * Properties are stored alphabetically in a .fcstd file. If you have a shape in your properties, any property whose name comes after "Shape" in alphabetic order, will be loaded AFTER the shape, which can cause strange behaviours.

Other more complex example
This example makes use of the Part Module to create an octahedron, then creates its coin representation with pivy.

First is the Document object itself:

import FreeCAD, FreeCADGui, Part class Octahedron: def __init__(self, obj): "Add some custom properties to our box feature" obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Length","Octahedron","Length of the octahedron").Length=1.0 obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Width","Octahedron","Width of the octahedron").Width=1.0 obj.addProperty("App::PropertyLength","Height","Octahedron", "Height of the octahedron").Height=1.0 obj.addProperty("Part::PropertyPartShape","Shape","Octahedron", "Shape of the octahedron") obj.Proxy = self def execute(self, fp): # Define six vetices for the shape v1 = FreeCAD.Vector(0,0,0) v2 = FreeCAD.Vector(fp.Length,0,0) v3 = FreeCAD.Vector(0,fp.Width,0) v4 = FreeCAD.Vector(fp.Length,fp.Width,0) v5 = FreeCAD.Vector(fp.Length/2,fp.Width/2,fp.Height/2) v6 = FreeCAD.Vector(fp.Length/2,fp.Width/2,-fp.Height/2) # Make the wires/faces f1 = self.make_face(v1,v2,v5) f2 = self.make_face(v2,v4,v5) f3 = self.make_face(v4,v3,v5) f4 = self.make_face(v3,v1,v5) f5 = self.make_face(v2,v1,v6) f6 = self.make_face(v4,v2,v6) f7 = self.make_face(v3,v4,v6) f8 = self.make_face(v1,v3,v6) shell=Part.makeShell([f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8]) solid=Part.makeSolid(shell) fp.Shape = solid # helper mehod to create the faces def make_face(self,v1,v2,v3): wire = Part.makePolygon([v1,v2,v3,v1]) face = Part.Face(wire) return face

Then, we have the view provider object, responsible for showing the object in the 3D scene:

class ViewProviderOctahedron: def __init__(self, obj): "Set this object to the proxy object of the actual view provider" obj.addProperty("App::PropertyColor","Color","Octahedron","Color of the octahedron").Color=(1.0,0.0,0.0) obj.Proxy = self def attach(self, obj): "Setup the scene sub-graph of the view provider, this method is mandatory" self.shaded = coin.SoGroup self.wireframe = coin.SoGroup self.scale = coin.SoScale self.color = coin.SoBaseColor self.data=coin.SoCoordinate3 self.face=coin.SoIndexedLineSet self.shaded.addChild(self.scale) self.shaded.addChild(self.color) self.shaded.addChild(self.data) self.shaded.addChild(self.face) obj.addDisplayMode(self.shaded,"Shaded"); style=coin.SoDrawStyle style.style = coin.SoDrawStyle.LINES self.wireframe.addChild(style) self.wireframe.addChild(self.scale) self.wireframe.addChild(self.color) self.wireframe.addChild(self.data) self.wireframe.addChild(self.face) obj.addDisplayMode(self.wireframe,"Wireframe"); self.onChanged(obj,"Color") def updateData(self, fp, prop): "If a property of the handled feature has changed we have the chance to handle this here" # fp is the handled feature, prop is the name of the property that has changed if prop == "Shape": s = fp.getPropertyByName("Shape") self.data.point.setNum(6) cnt=0 for i in s.Vertexes: self.data.point.set1Value(cnt,i.X,i.Y,i.Z)               cnt=cnt+1 self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(0,0) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(1,1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(2,2) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(3,-1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(4,1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(5,3) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(6,2) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(7,-1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(8,3) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(9,4) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(10,2) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(11,-1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(12,4) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(13,0) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(14,2) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(15,-1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(16,1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(17,0) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(18,5) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(19,-1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(20,3) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(21,1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(22,5) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(23,-1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(24,4) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(25,3) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(26,5) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(27,-1) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(28,0) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(29,4) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(30,5) self.face.coordIndex.set1Value(31,-1) def getDisplayModes(self,obj): "Return a list of display modes." modes=[] modes.append("Shaded") modes.append("Wireframe") return modes def getDefaultDisplayMode(self): "Return the name of the default display mode. It must be defined in getDisplayModes." return "Shaded" def setDisplayMode(self,mode): return mode def onChanged(self, vp, prop): "Here we can do something when a single property got changed" FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage("Change property: " + str(prop) + "\n") if prop == "Color": c = vp.getPropertyByName("Color") self.color.rgb.setValue(c[0],c[1],c[2]) def getIcon(self): return """            /* XPM */             static const char * ViewProviderBox_xpm[] = {             "16 16 6 1",             "    c None",             ".   c #141010",             "+   c #615BD2",             "@   c #C39D55",             "#   c #000000",             "$   c #57C355",             "        ........",             "   ......++..+..",             "   .@@@@.++..++.",             "   .@@@@.++..++.",             "   .@@  .++++++.",             "  ..@@  .++..++.",             "###@@@@ .++..++.",             "##$.@@$#.++++++.",             "#$#$.$$$........",             "#$$#######      ",             "#$$#$$$$$#      ",             "#$$#$$$$$#      ",             "#$$#$$$$$#      ",             " #$#$$$$$#      ",             "  ##$$$$$#      ",             "   #######      "};             """ def __getstate__(self): return None def __setstate__(self,state): return None

Finally, once our object and its viewobject are defined, we just need to call them:

FreeCAD.newDocument a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::FeaturePython","Octahedron") Octahedron(a) ViewProviderOctahedron(a.ViewObject)

Making objects selectable
If you want to make your object selectable, or at least part of it, by clicking on it in the viewport, you must include its coin geometry inside a SoFCSelection node. If your object has complex representation, with widgets, annotations, etc, you might want to include only a part of it in a SoFCSelection. Everything that is a SoFCSelection is constantly scanned by FreeCAD to detect selection/preselection, so it makes sense try not to overload it with unneeded scanning. This is what you would do to include a self.face from the example above:

selectionNode = coin.SoType.fromName("SoFCSelection").createInstance selectionNode.documentName.setValue(FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.Name) selectionNode.objectName.setValue(obj.Object.Name) # here obj is the ViewObject, we need its associated App Object selectionNode.subElementName.setValue("Face") selectNode.addChild(self.face) ... self.shaded.addChild(selectionNode) self.wireframe.addChild(selectionNode)

Simply, you create a SoFCSelection node, then you add your geometry nodes to it, then you add it to your main node, instead of adding your geometry nodes directly.

Working with simple shapes
If your parametric object simply outputs a shape, you don't need to use a view provider object. The shape will be displayed using FreeCAD's standard shape representation:

class Line: def __init__(self, obj): "App two point properties"  obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p1","Line","Start point") obj.addProperty("App::PropertyVector","p2","Line","End point").p2=FreeCAD.Vector(1,0,0) obj.Proxy = self def execute(self, fp): "Print a short message when doing a recomputation, this method is mandatory"  fp.Shape = Part.makeLine(fp.p1,fp.p2) a=FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::FeaturePython","Line") Line(a) a.ViewObject.Proxy=0 # just set it to something different from None (this assignment is needed to run an internal notification) FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.recompute