FreeCAD-Ship s60 tutorial

In this tutorial we will work with Series 60 ship, from the Iowa University. The tutorial is aimed to show how to work with a symmetric monohull ship, but multihull or non symmetric ships can be performed with the same proceeding.

You can learn more about FreeCAD-Ship here

Introduction
FreeCAD-Ship works over Ship entities, that must be created on top of provided geometry. Geometry must be a solid, or set of solids, following criteria must be taken into account:


 * All hull geometry must be provided (including symmetric bodies).
 * Starboard geometry must be included at negatives y domain.
 * Origin (0,0,0) point is the Amin frame (midship section) and base line intersection.

FreeCAD-Ship sign criteria

Loading Series 60 geometry
In order to help new users FreeCAD-Ship includes an example geometries loader, with almost famous ship geometries.

Example ship geometries loader icon

Executing the tool (Ship design/Load an example ship geometry) a task dialogue will shown. Select Series 60 from Iowa University and press Accept. Tool loads new document with s60_IowaUniversity geometry.

Create ship instance
In order to create a Ship instance select s60 geometry and execute the ship creation tool (Ship design/Create a new ship).

Ship creation tool icon

Creating ship task dialogue and some annotations at 3D view will shown. The annotations will removed when you close Ship creation tool, so don't worry about this.

Most relevant ship data must be introduced (FreeCAD-Ship uses a progressive data introduction system, so basic operations can be performed knowing only basic ship data, more information is needed as the operations become more complex).

Ship data
Main dimensions must be introduced here:


 * Length: Length between perpendiculars, 25.5 m for this ship.
 * Beam: Total ship beam, 3.389 m for this ship.
 * Draft: Design draft, 1.0 m for this ship.

Length annotations.

Usually the Length between perpendiculars depends on design draft, so if you don't know what is the length of your ship you can set draft, and fit length in order to get bow and draft intersection.

Beam annotations.

Same process is valid for Beam fit. Note that requested value is total beam, but annotation is only refered to starboard half ship.

When you press Accept button program creates your new Ship instance called Ship at Tags & Attributes dialog. We don't need geometry anymore, so you can hide it.

Ship instance icon.

From here onwards, you must have Ship selected before you execute any FreeCAD-Ship tool.

Outline draw
FreeCAD-Ship provides a tool in order to make easy exporting ship outline draw.

Outline draw tool icon

Outline draw is a set of cuts that allows to meet the hull geometry with a standarized plot. Outline drawing needs the cuts set.

Transversal cuts
Ussualy 21 transversal equi-distance sections between perpendiculars must be performed. in order to do it FreeCAD provides an automatic tool in order to do it, simply select Transversal type of sections, go to Auto create box and set 21 sections, then press Create sections.

Outline draw transversal sections preview

Sections table is filled, and sections preview called OutlineDraw shown. Ussually mor sections was added at bow and stern, where more complex curvatures are registered, in order to do it go to the end of the table, and do double click at empty item in order to edit it, pressing intro to confirm. Add following sections:


 * X22 = -12.1125 m
 * X23 = 12.1125 m

Depending hull geometry complexity, sections preview can take some time.

Longitudinal cuts
Two longitudinal cuts must be added, so select Longitudinal type of sections, go to Auto create box and set 2 sections, then press Create sections. Sections table is filled, and sections preview updated.

Water lines
6 Water lines beteewn base line and design draft must be added, so select Water lines type of sections, go to Auto create box and set 5 (Z = 0 m will not be considered, add it manually if you need it) sections, then press Create sections. Sections table is filled, and sections preview updated.

Several additional water lines must be added:


 * Z6 = 1.2 m
 * Z7 = 1.4 m
 * Z8 = 1.6 m
 * Z9 = 1.8 m
 * Z10 = 2.0 m

Perform plot
Select 1:100 scale and press Accept. Plot is performed, you can learn more about plotting and how to edit it here (Depending on version, projected version of plot can be bad represented, or not represented).

Outline draw plot.

3D sections are preserved to in order you can work with them (i.e.- Multisolid ships may have undesired edges at plot).

Resultant sections.

Transversal areas curve
One typical ship design hydrodynamic parameter is the transversal areas curve, that retrieves some indicators about the behaviour of the hull (towing resistance, seakeeping, ...). FreeCAD-Ship provides a simple tool in order to perform transversal areas curve.

Transversal areas curve tool icon.

When tool is executed a task dialog is shown, and free surface prewied is created at 3D view (Free surface preview will be removed when tool finished, so don't worry about them). Into task dialog input and output data is present.

Input data
Draft and trim (Hull y edge rotation angle, positive if stern draft may increase) must be provided. Several areas curves may be performed, depending on ship load situations, but two typical plot should be performed:


 * Design transversal areas curve: Without triming angle and using design draft, 1.0 m in this case.
 * Maximum draft transversal areas curve: Without trimin angle, and maximum draft allowed, 2.0 m in this case.

Output data
Some relevant data is shown at real time:


 * L: Lenght between perpendiculars, value set at ship instance creation.
 * B: Beam selected at ship creation.
 * T: Actual aim frame draft.
 * Trim: Trim angle.
 * TAP: After perpendicular draft.
 * TFP: Forward perpendicular draft.
 * Displacement: Ship displacement (salt water considered, divide by 1.025 in order to know displaced volume).
 * XCB: Buoyancy centre point X coordinate (relative to amin frame).

When Accept button is pressed a plot is performed (depending on geometry complexity can take some time, you can see progress on terminal, and stop work pressing Ctrl+C).

Design draft transversal areas curve.

You can perform maximum draft transversal areas curve in order to see the differences (for instance areas curve pass through length perpendiculars).

FreeCAD ship use pyxplot in order to generate plot as *.eps image, and ghostscript in order to convert it to *.png image. If you open FreeCAD from terminal you can see where data has been saved, near to data file several auxiliary files has been created too:


 * areas.dat: Contains transversal areas data.
 * areas.pyxplot: pyxplot layout in order to plot areas.dat sheet.
 * areas.eps: EPS image version (best choice in order to edit it).
 * areas.png: Final image PNG version.

When new transversal areas curve is performed files will be overwritten, so copy it at other place if you want to preserve it.

Hydrostatics
Hydrostatics computation is a critical stage at ship design due to know principal stability hull parameters. Hydrostatics are mandatory data in order to classification societies certificates ship, and joined with loading condition data (weights and gravity position) provides essential data about ship stability. FreeCAD-Ship provides a tool to obtain main hydrostatics curves (GZ curves are considered in other tool).

Hydrostatics tool icon.

When tool is executed a task dialog is shown. Ussually Hydrostatics curves are presented for each trim angle, in this tutorial only upright trimming angle will considered (0º), with an interval around every loading condition draft. Since we don't know what loading conditions we can get, we will consider almost draft posibilities (Ussually, in order to get as many resolution as possible, naval architecs fits the interval to feasible drafts).

So we set following data:
 * Trim = 0º
 * Minimum Draft = 0.1 m
 * Maximum Draft = 2.0 m
 * Number of points = 39. A lot of points or really complex geometries imply long computation times, in this case around 1 minute can be expent.

When Accept button is pressed plots are performed.

Hydrostatics curves.

As transversal areas curve tool, Hydrostatics tools use pyxplot in order to generate plots as *.eps image, and ghostscript in order to convert to *.png images. If you open FreeCAD from terminal you can see where data has been saved, near to data file several auxiliar files has been created too:


 * hydrostatics.dat: Computed hydrostatics data.
 * volume.pyxplot: pyxplot layout in order to plot the curves.
 * volume.eps: EPS image version of volume related Hydrostatics.
 * volume.png: Final volume related hydrostatics PNG version.
 * stability.eps: EPS image version of stability related Hydrostatics.
 * stability.png: Final stability related hydrostatics PNG version.
 * coeffs.eps: EPS image version of forms coeffcients related Hydrostatics.
 * coeffs.png: Final forms coeffcients related hydrostatics PNG version.

All files will overwritten when new hydrostatics are computed, so save them before repeat the process.

Continue learning FreeCAD-Ship
Now you are ready to continue learning FreeCAD-Ship, here is the second chapter of Series 60 from Iowa university ship.