Getting started/hr

Predgovor
FreeCAD je CAD/CAE aplikacija parametarskog modeliranja.Prvenstveno je napravljen za dizajn mehanike, ali podržava sve druge primjene gdje je potrebno 3D modeliranje objekata sa velikom preciznošću i kontrolom zabilješki modelirnja.

FreeCAD je u razvoju već neko vrijeme i pruža dugačku (i stalno rastuću)listu Funkcije. Mogućnosti su ograničene u usporedbi sa komercijalnim rješenjima i možda nisu dovoljno razvijene za korištenje u proizvodnji ali su dovoljne za većinu hobi korisnika i za manje radionice. Ovdje se nalazi brzo rastuća zajednica oduševljenih korisnika koji sudjeluju u razvoju FreeCAD forum a vi možete pogledati na primjeri stranicu gdje će te naći mnoštvo projekata razvijenih sa programom FreeCAD.

Kao svi open-source projekti, FreeCAD projekt nije jednostrano djelo koje vam se servira. On je ovisan o zajednici da bi mogao rasti, dobiti nove funkcije ili ispraviti pogreške u programu. Zato nemojte to zaboraviti dok koristite FreeCAD ; ako vam se sviđa, vi možete direktno utjecati na program i pomoći u razvojuPomozite FreeCAD-u!

Instalacija
Prvo preuzmite i instalirajte FreeCAD. Pogledaj Preuzimanja stranicu za informacije o preuzimanju, trenutnoj verziji programa, i o nadopunama. Za instrukcije Instalacija ṡtranicu. Tamo se nalaze paketi za Windowse (.msi), Debian i Ubuntu (.deb), openSUSE (.rmp) i Mac OSX. FreeCAD je dostupan kroz "package managers" puno drugih Linux distribucija. Samostalni AppImage izvršni program je takođe dostupan za većinu novijih 64-bit Linux sistema. FreeCAD je open-source, vi možete preuzeti "source code" Kompiliranje i sastaviti (kompilirati) ga sami.

Istraži FreeCAD



 * 1. 3D prikaz, prikazuje stvari u vašem dokumentu
 * 2. Pregled grananja, prikazuje hijerarhiju i povijest izrade svih objekata u vašem dokumentu
 * 3. Uređivač osobina, koji omogućava da vidite i promijenite osobine odabranih objekata
 * 4. Prozor odabira, ukazuje na odabrane objekte ili pod-elemente objekata (vrhove, rubove, lica).
 * 5. Izvještaj (ili prozor izlaza), u kojem FreeCAD ispisuje poruke, upozorenja i greške
 * 6. Python Konzola, gdje se ispisuju sve naredbe koje se izvršavaju u FreeCAD-u, i gdje možete upisati Python izvršni kod
 * 7. status bar, ovdje se pojavljuju poruke i pomoćni opisi.
 * 8. Područje pomoćnih opisa, gdje su pomoćni opisi usidreni.
 * 9. Radni stolovi, gdje odabirete aktivni radni stol
 * 10. Standardni izbornik, koji sadrži osnovne operacije programa.

Osnovni koncept FreeCAD sučelja je taj da je podijeljen na Radne površine. Radna površina je kolekcija alata za specifičnu namjenu, kao rad sa Moduli mreže, ili crtanje 2D objekti, ili Ograničene Skice. Možete odabrati aktivnu Radnu površinul sa izbornikom (6). Možete prilagoditi Postavke sučelja uključene u Radnu površinu, dodati alate iz druge Radne površine ili osobno kreiranih alata, koje mi zovemo Makro naredbe. Obično se počinje sa Radnim površinama Oblikovanje Tijela i Stvaranje Tijela.

Kada otvorite FreeCAD prvi puta otvorit če se Start Centar Ovdje je izgled od verzije v0.16:



Start Centar omogućuje brzi prijelaz na uobičajene radne stolove, otvara uobičajeni dokument ili pregled zadnjih vijesti iz FreeCAD svijeta. Vi možete promijeniti početni radni stol u Postavke.

Navigacija u 3D prostoru
FreeCAD ima na raspolaganju nekoliko različitih navigacijski načini koji mijenjaju način na koji miš koristi za interakciju s objektima u 3D prikazu i samom prikazu. Jedan od njih posebno je izrađen za touchpads, gdje se ne koristi srednja tipka miša. Sljedeća tablica opisuje zadani način rada, nazvan  'CAD Navigation'  (trenutni način navigacije možete brzo promijeniti desnim klikom na prazno područje 3D prikaza):

Vi imate nekoliko pogleda koji su predefinirani (pogled odozgo, pogled sprijeda itd.) koji se nalaze u izborniku pregleda, a imate i brojevne prečice (,, itd...). Sa klikom na objekt ili prazno područje sa desnom tipkom miša možete dobiti brzi pristup nekim osnovnim operacijama kao postavljanje pogleda, ili položaj objekta u stablu pregleda.

Prvi koraci sa FreeCAD-om
Fokus FreeCAD-a vam je omogućiti izradu 3D preciznih 3D modela, strogu kontrolu nad tim modelima (mogućnost vraćanja u povijest modeliranja i izmjenu parametara) i na kraju izradu tih modela (putem 3D ispisa, CNC obrade ili čak gradilišta). Stoga se vrlo razlikuje od nekih drugih 3D aplikacija napravljenih u druge svrhe, poput animacijskog filma ili igranja. Njegova krivulja učenja može biti strma, posebno ako je ovo vaš prvi kontakt s 3D modeliranjem. Ako u nekom trenutku imate poteškoće, nemojte zaboraviti da će vas prijateljska zajednica korisnika na FreeCAD forumu uspjeti pomoći u bilo kojem trenutku.

The workbench you will start using in FreeCAD depends on the type of job you need to do: If you are going to work on mechanical models, or more generally any small-scale objects, you'll probably want to try the PartDesign Workbench. If you will work in 2D, then switch to the Draft Workbench, or the Sketcher Workbench if you need constraints. If you want to do BIM, launch the Arch Workbench. If you are working with ship design, there is a special Ship Workbench for you. And if you come from the OpenSCAD world, try the OpenSCAD Workbench.

You can switch workbenches at any time, and also customize your favorite workbench to add tools from other workbenches.

Rad sa Radnim površinama Oblikovanje Tijela i Skice
The PartDesign Workbench is made to build complex objects, starting from simple shapes, and adding or removing pieces (called "features"), until you get to your final object. All the features you applied during the modelling process are stored in a separate view called the tree view, which also contains the other objects in your document. You can think of a PartDesign object as a succession of operations, each one applied to the result of the preceding one, forming one big chain. In the tree view, you see your final object, but you can expand it and retrieve all preceding states, and change any of their parameter, which automatically updates the final object.

The PartDesign workbench makes heavy use of another workbench, the Sketcher Workbench. The sketcher allows you to draw 2D shapes, which are defined by applying Constraints to the 2D shape. For example, you might draw a rectangle and set the size of a side by applying a length constraint to one of the sides. That side then cannot be resized anymore (unless the constraint is changed).

Those 2D shapes made with the sketcher are used a lot in the PartDesign workbench, for example to create 3D volumes, or to draw areas on the faces of your object that will then be hollowed from its main volume. This is a typical PartDesign workflow:


 * 1) Create a new sketch
 * 2) Draw a closed shape (make sure all points are joined)
 * 3) Close the sketch
 * 4) Expand the sketch into a 3D solid by using the pad tool
 * 5) Select one face of the solid
 * 6) Create a second sketch (this time it will be drawn on the selected face)
 * 7) Draw a closed shape
 * 8) Close the sketch
 * 9) Create a pocket from the second sketch, on the first object

Which gives you an object like this:



At any moment, you can select the original sketches and modify them, or change the extrusion parameters of the pad or pocket operations, which will update the final object.

Working with the Draft and Arch workbenches
The Draft Workbench and Arch Workbench behave a bit differently than the other workbenches above, although they follow the same rules, which are common to all of FreeCAD. In short, while the Sketcher and PartDesign are made primarily to design single pieces, Draft and Arch are made to ease your work when working with several, simpler objects.

The Draft Workbench offers you 2D tools somewhat similar to what you can find in traditional 2D CAD applications such as AutoCAD. However, 2D drafting being far away from the scope of FreeCAD, don't expect to find there the full array of tools that these dedicated applications offer. Most of the Draft tools work not only in a 2D plane but also in the full 3D space, and benefit from special helper systems such as Work planes and object snapping.

The Arch Workbench adds BIM tools to FreeCAD, allowing you to build architectural models with parametric objects. The Arch workbench relies extensively on other modules such as Draft and Sketcher. All the Draft tools are also present in the Arch workbench, and most Arch tools make use of the Draft helper systems.

A typical workflow with Arch and Draft workbenches might be:


 * 1) Draw a couple of lines with the Draft Line tool
 * 2) Select each line and press the Wall tool to build a wall on each of them
 * 3) Join the walls by selecting them and pressing the Arch Add tool
 * 4) Create a floor object, and move your walls in it from the Tree view
 * 5) Create a building object, and move your floor in it from the Tree view
 * 6) Create a window by clicking the Window tool, select a preset in its panel, then click on a face of a wall
 * 7) Add dimensions by first setting the working plane if necessary, then using the Draft Dimension tool

Which will give you this:



Više informacija na stranici Vježbe.

Addons, Macro and External workbenches
Freecad, as an open source software, offers the possibility to supplement its workbenches with addons.

The Addon principle is based on the development of a workbench complement. Any user can develop a function that he or she deems to be missing for her/his own needs or, ultimately, for the community. With the forum, the user can request an opinion, help on the forum. It can share, or not, the object of its development according to copyright rules to define. Free to her/him. To develop, the user has available scripting functions.

There are two types of addons:
 * 1) Macros: short snippets of Python code that provide a new tool or functionality. Macros usually start as a way to simplify or automate the task of drawing or editing a particular object. If many of these macros are collected inside a directory, the entire directory may be distributed as a new workbench.
 * 2) External workbenches: collections of tools programmed in Python or C++ that extend FreeCAD in an important way. If a workbench is sufficiently developed and is well documented, it may be included as one of the base workbenches in FreeCAD. Under External workbenches, you'll find the principle and a list of existing library.

Scripting
And finally, one of the most powerful features of FreeCAD is the scripting environment. From the integrated python console (or from any other external Python script), you can gain access to almost any part of FreeCAD, create or modify geometry, modify the representation of those objects in the 3D scene or access and modify the FreeCAD interface. Python scripting can also be used in macros, which provide an easy method to create custom commands.

Šta ima novoga

 * Pogledajte Bilješke distribucije za detaljnu listu značajki.