FEM Module/de

Einleitung
Das FEM-Workbench bietet einen modernen Finite-Elemente-Analyse-(FEA)-Workflow für FreeCAD. Im Wesentlichen bedeutet dies, dass alle Werkzeuge zur Durchführung einer Analyse in einer grafischen Benutzeroberfläche (GUI) zusammengefasst sind.



Arbeitsablauf
Die Schritte zur Durchführung einer Finite-Elemente-Analyse sind:
 * 1) Vorverarbeitung: Einrichten des Analyseproblems.
 * 2) Modellierung der Geometrie: Erstellung der Geometrie mit FreeCAD oder Import aus einer anderen Anwendung.
 * 3) Erstellen einer Analyse.
 * 4) Hinzufügen von Simulationsbeschränkungen wie Lasten und festen Stützpunkten zum geometrischen Modell.
 * 5) Hinzufügen von Materialien zu den Teilen aus dem geometrischen Modell.
 * 6) Erstellen eines Finite-Elemente-Netzes für das geometrische Modell oder Importieren aus einer anderen Anwendung.
 * 7) Lösen: Ausführen eines externen Lösers aus FreeCAD heraus.
 * 8) Nachbearbeitung: Visualisierung der Analyseergebnisse aus FreeCAD heraus oder Export der Ergebnisse, damit sie mit einer anderen Anwendung nachbearbeitet werden können.

Ab FreeCAD 0.15 kann die FEM Arbeitsbereich unter Linux, Windows und Mac OSX eingesetzt werden. Da der Arbeitsbereich mit externen Lösern arbeitet, hängt der Umfang der manuellen Einrichtung von dem Betriebssystem ab, das Sie verwenden. Siehe FEM Install für Anweisungen zum Einrichten der externen Werkzeuge.



Menü: Modell

 * [[Image:Fem-analysis.svg|32px]] Analysis container: Erstellt einen neuen Behälter für eine mechanische Analyse. Wenn in der Baumansicht vor dem Anklicken ein Solid ausgewählt wird, wird als nächstes der Vernetzungsdialog geöffnet.

Werkstoffe

 * [[Image:Fem-material.svg|32px]] Material for solid: Ermöglicht Dir, einen Werkstoff aus der Datenbank auszuwählen.


 * [[Image:Fem-material-fluid.svg|32px]] Material for fluid: Ermöglicht Dir, einen Werkstoff aus der Datenbank auszuwählen.


 * [[Image:Fem-material-nonlinear.svg|32px]] Nonlinear mechanical material: Ermöglicht Dir, ein Material aus der Datenbank auszuwählen.


 * image is missing Reinforced material: Ermöglicht es dir, verstärkte Werkstoffe auszuwählen, die aus einer Matrix und einer Verstärkung aus der Datenbank bestehen.


 * [[Image:Arch_Material_Group.svg|32px]] Material editor:Ermöglicht Dir, den Materialeditor zu öffnen, um Materialien zu bearbeiten.

Elementgeometrie

 * [[Image:Fem-beam-section.svg|32px]] Beam cross section:


 * [[Image:Fem-beam-rotation.svg|32px]] Beam rotation:


 * [[Image:Fem-shell-thickness.svg|32px]] Shell plate thickness:


 * [[Image:Fem-fluid-section.svg|32px]] Fluid section for 1D flow:

Elektrostatische Beschränkungen

 * [[Image:fem-constraint-electrostatic-potential.svg|32px]] Constraint electrostatic potential:

Fluidbeschränkungen

 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-initial-flow-velocity.svg|32px]] Constraint initial flow velocity:


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-fluid-boundary.svg|32px]] Constraint fluid boundary:


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-flow-velocity.svg|32px]] Constraint flow velocity:

Mechanical constraints

 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-fixed.svg|32px]] Constraint fixed: Used to define a fixed constraint on point/edge/face(s).


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-displacement.svg|32px]] Constraint displacement: Used to define a displacement constraint on point/edge/face(s).


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-planerotation.svg|32px]] Constraint plane rotation: Used to define a plane rotation constraint on a planar face.


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-contact.svg|32px]] Constraint contact: Used to define a contact constraint between two faces.


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-transform.svg|32px]] Constraint transform:


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-force.svg|32px]] Constraint force: Used to define a force in [N] applied uniformly to a selectable face in a definable direction.


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-pressure.svg|32px]] Constraint pressure: Used to define a pressure constraint.


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-selfweight.svg|32px]] Constraint self weight: Used to define a gravity acceleration acting on a model.


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-bearing.svg|32px]] Constraint bearing: Used to define a bearing constraint.


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-gear.svg|32px]] Constraint gear: Used to define a gear constraint.


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-pulley.svg|32px]] Constraint pulley: Used to define a pulley constraint.

Thermal constraints

 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-InitialTemperature.svg|32px]] Constraint initial temperature: Used to define the initial temperature of a body.


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-heatflux.svg|32px]] Constraint heatflux: Used to define a heat flux constraint on a face(s).


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-temperature.svg|32px]] Constraint temperature: Used to define a temperature constraint on a point/edge/face(s).


 * [[Image:Fem-constraint-heatflux.svg|32px]] Constraint body heat source:

Menu: Mesh

 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-netgen-from-shape.svg|32px]] FEM mesh from shape by Netgen:


 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-gmsh-from-shape.svg|32px]] FEM mesh from shape by GMSH:


 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-boundary-layer.svg|32px]] FEM mesh boundary layer:


 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-region.svg|32px]] FEM mesh region:


 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-from-shape.svg|32px]] FEM mesh group:


 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-create-node-by-poly.svg|32px]] Nodes set: Creates/defines a node set from FEM mesh.


 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-to-mesh.svg|32px]] FEM mesh to mesh: Convert the surface of a FEM mesh to a mesh.

Menu: Solve

 * [[Image:Fem-solver.svg|32px]] Solver Calculix CCX tools: Creates a new solver for this analysis. In most cases the solver is created together with the analysis.


 * [[Image:Fem-solver.svg|32px]] Solver CalculiX:


 * [[Image:Fem-elmer.svg|32px]] Solver Elmer:


 * [[Image:Fem-solver.svg|32px]] Solver Z88:


 * [[Image:Fem-equation-heat.svg|32px]] Equation heat:


 * [[Image:Fem-equation-elasticity.svg|32px]] Equation elasticity:


 * [[Image:Fem-equation-electrostatic.svg|32px]] Equation electrostatic:


 * [[Image:Fem-equation-fluxsolver.svg|32px]] Equation fluxsolver:


 * [[Image:Fem-equation-flow.svg|32px]] Equation flow:


 * [[Image:Fem-control-solver.svg|32px]] Solver job control: Opens the menu to adjust and start the selected solver.


 * [[Image:Fem-run-solver.svg|32px]] Solver run calculation: Runs the selected solver of the active analysis.

Menu: Results

 * [[Image:Fem-purge-results.svg|32px]] Results purge: Deletes the results of the active analysis.


 * [[Image:Fem-result.svg|24px]] Result show: Used to display the result of an analysis.


 * [[Image:FEM_PostApplyChanges.png|32px]] Post Apply changes:


 * [[Image:Fem-data.svg|32px]] Post Pipeline from result:


 * [[Image:Fem-warp.svg|32px]] Post Create warp vector filter:


 * [[Image:Fem-clip-scalar.svg|32px]] Post Create scalar clip filter:


 * [[Image:Fem-cut.svg|32px]] Post Create cut filter:


 * [[Image:Fem-clip.svg|32px]] Post Create clip filter:


 * [[Image:Fem-DataAlongLine.svg|32px]] Post Create data along line filter:


 * [[Image:Fem-linearizedstresses.svg|32px]] Post Create linearized stresses:


 * [[Image:fem-post-filter-data-at-point.png|32px]] Post Create data at point filter:


 * [[Image:Fem CompPostCreateFunctions.png|48px]] Post Create functions:
 * [[Image:Fem-sphere.svg|32px]] :
 * [[Image:Fem-plane.svg|32px]] :

Menu: Utilities

 * [[Image:fem-clipping-plane-add.svg|32px]] Clipping plane on face:


 * [[Image:fem-clipping-plane-remove-all.svg|32px]] Remove all clipping planes:

Context Menu

 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-clear-mesh.svg|32px]] FEM mesh clear:


 * [[Image:Fem-femmesh-print-info.svg|32px]] FEM mesh print info:

Preferences

 * [[Image:Std_DlgParameter.svg|32px]] Preferences...: Preferences available in FEM Tools.

Information
The following pages explain different topics of the FEM Workbench.

FEM Install: a detailed description on how to set up the external programs used in the workbench.

FEM Mesh: further information on obtaining a mesh for finite element analysis.

FEM Solver: further information on the different solvers available in the workbench, and those that could be used in the future.

FEM CalculiX: further information on CalculiX, the default solver used in the workbench for structural analysis.

FEM Concrete: interesting information on the topic of simulating concrete structures.

FEM Project: further information on the unit system, limitations, and the development ideas and roadmap of the workbench.

Tutorials
Tutorial 1: FEM CalculiX Cantilever 3D; basic simply supported beam analysis.

Tutorial 2: FEM Tutorial; simple tension analysis of a structure.

Tutorial 3: FEM Tutorial Python; set up the cantilever example entirely through scripting in Python, including the mesh.

Tutorial 4: FEM Shear of a Composite Block; see the deformation of a block that is comprised of two materials.

Tutorial 5: Transient FEM analysis

Coupled thermal mechanical analysis tutorials by openSIM

Video tutorial 1: FEM video for beginner (including YouTube link)

Video tutorial 2: FEM video for beginner (including YouTube link)

Many video tutorials: anisim Open Source Engineering Software (in German)

Extending the FEM Workbench
The FEM Workbench is under constant development. An objective of the project is to find ways to easily interact with various FEM solvers, so that the end user can streamline the process of creating, meshing, simulating, and optimizing an engineering design problem, all within FreeCAD.

The following information is aimed at power users and developers who want to extend the FEM Workbench in different ways. Familiarity with C++ and Python is expected, and also some knowledge of the "document object" system used in FreeCAD is necessary; this information is available in the Power users hub and the Developer hub. Please notice that since FreeCAD is under active development, some articles may be too old, and thus obsolete. The most up to date information is discussed in the FreeCAD forums, in the Development section. For FEM discussions, advice or assistance in extending the workbench, the reader should refer to the FEM subforum.

The following articles explain how the workbench can be extended, for example, by adding new types of boundary conditions (constraints), or equations.
 * Extend FEM Module
 * Add FEM Constraint Tutorial
 * Add FEM Equation Tutorial

A developer's guide has been written to help power users in understanding the complex FreeCAD codebase and the interactions between the core elements and the individual workbenches. The book is hosted at github so multiple users can contribute to it and keep it updated.
 * Early preview of ebook: Module developer' guide to FreeCAD source (forum thread)
 * FreeCAD Mod Dev Guide (github repository)