Getting started/it

Aggiornamenti

 * Note di rilascio della versione 0.11 (Version 0.11 Release notes/en): per conoscere le nuove funzionalità introdotte con la versione 0.11 di FreeCAD.
 * Note di rilascio della versione 0.12 (Version 0.12 Release notes/en): per conoscere le nuove funzionalità introdotte con la versione 0.12 di FreeCAD.
 * Note di rilascio della versione 0.13 (Version 0.13 Release notes/en): per conoscere le nuove funzionalità introdotte con la versione 0.13 di FreeCAD.

Prefazione
FreeCAD è una applicazione per la modellazione parametrica di tipo CAD/CAE. È fatto principalmente per la progettazione meccanica, ma serve anche in tutti casi in cui è necessario modellare degli oggetti 3D con precisione e avere il controllo dello storico della modellazione.

Nonostante FreeCAD sia ancora nella fase iniziale del suo sviluppo, offre già un lunga lista (che continua a aumentare) di funzionalità, ma ne mancano ancora molte altre, specialmente rispetto alle soluzioni commerciali, quindi potreste ritenerlo non ancora abbastanza sviluppato per essere usato in ambito produttivo. Ciò nonostante, c'è una comunità in rapida crescita di utenti entusiasti, e si possono già trovare molti esempi di progetti di qualità sviluppati con FreeCAD.

Come tutti i progetti open-source, il progetto FreeCAD non è un lavoro a senso unico che gli sviluppatori vi consegnano. La crescita del progetto, l'acquisizione di nuove funzionalità e la stabilità dell'applicazione (la correzione dei bug) dipendono molto dalla sua comunità. Quindi non dimenticate questo quando iniziate ad utilizzare FreeCAD, e se vi piace, potete contribuire e aiutare il progetto!

Installazione
Per iniziare è necessario scaricare ed installare FreeCAD. Consultare la pagina (Download/en) Download/it per ottenere informazioni sulla versione corrente e sugli ultimi aggiornamenti. Sono disponibili i file di installazione per Windows (.msi), Ubuntu & Debian (.deb), openSUSE (.rpm) e Mac OSX. Dato che FreeCAD è open-source, se siete avventurosi e volete vedere le ultime funzionalità che in questo momento sono in fase di sviluppo, potete anche prelevare il codice sorgente e compilarlo (en).

Esplorare FreeCAD



 * 1) La vista 3D che visualizza gli oggetti contenuti nel documento
 * 2) La vista ad albero che mostra la gerarchia e lo storico della costruzione di tutti gli oggetti del documento
 * 3) L'editore delle proprità che consente di visualizzare e modificare le proprietà degli oggetti selezionati
 * 4) La finestra dei rapporti dove FreeCAD stampa i messaggi di avvisi o di errori
 * 5) La console python dove sono visibili tutti i comandi eseguiti da FreeCAD, e in cui è possibile inserire il codice python
 * 6) Il selettore degli Ambienti che mostra quello attivo

The main concept behind the FreeCAD interface is that it is separated into workbenches. A workbench is a collection of tools suited for a specific task, such as working with meshes, or drawing 2D objects, or constrained sketches. You can switch the current workbench with the workbench selector (6). You can customize the tools included in each workbench, add tools from other workbenches or even self-created tools, that we call macros. There is also a generic workbench which gathers the most commonly used tools from other workbenches, called the complete workbench.

When you start FreeCAD for the first time, you are presented with the start center:



The Start Center allows you to quickly jump to one of the most common workbenches, open one of the recent files, or see the latest news from the FreeCAD world. You can change the default workbench in the preferences.

Navigating in the 3D space
FreeCAD has four different navigation modes available, that change the way you use your mouse to interact with the objects in the 3D view and the view itself. One of them is specifically made for touchpads, where the middle mouse button is not used. The following table describes the default mode, called CAD Navigation (You can quickly change the current navigation mode by right-clicking on an empty area of the 3D view):

You also have several view presets (top view, front view, etc) available in the View menu and on the View toolbar, and by numeric shortcuts (,, etc...), and by right-clicking on an object or on an empty area of the 3D view, you have quick access to some common operations, such as setting a particular view, or locating an object in the Tree view.

First steps with FreeCAD
FreeCAD's focus is to allow you to make high-precision 3D models, to keep tight control over those models (being able to go back into modelling history and change parameters), and eventually to build those models (via 3D printing, CNC machining or even construction worksite). It is therefore very different from some other 3D applications made for other purposes, such as animation film or gaming. Its learning curve can be steep, specially if this is your first contact with 3D modeling. If you are struck at some point, don't forget that the friendly community of users on the FreeCAD forum might be able to get you out in no time.

The workbench you will start using in FreeCAD depends on the type of job you need to do: If you are going to work on mechanical models, or more generally any small-scale objects, you'll probably want to try the PartDesign Workbench. If you will work in 2D, then switch to the Draft Workbench, or the Sketcher Workbench if you need constraints. If you want to do BIM, launch the Arch Workbench. If you are working with ship design, there is a special Ship Workbench for you. And if you come from the OpenSCAD world, try the OpenSCAD Workbench.

You can switch workbenches at any time, and also customize your favorite workbench to add tools from other workbenches.

Working with the PartDesign and Sketcher workbenches
The PartDesign Workbench is specially made to build complex objects, starting from simple shapes, and adding or removing pieces (that we call "features"), until you get to your final object. All the features you applied during the modelling process are stored in a separate view called the tree view, which also contains the other objects in your document. You can think of a PartDesign object as a succession of operations, each one applied to the result of the preceding one, forming one big chain. In the tree view, you see your final object, but you can expand it and retrieve all preceding states, and change any of their parameter, which automatically updates the final object.

The PartDesign workbench makes heavy use of another workbench, the Sketcher Workbench. The sketcher allows you to draw constrained 2D shapes, which means that some parts of your 2D shape can have constraints. For example, you might draw a rectangle, and set a length constraint to one of its sides. That side then cannot be resized anymore.

Those 2D shapes made with the sketcher are used a lot in the PartDesign workbench, for example to extrude volumes, or to draw areas on the faces of your object, that will then be hollowed from its main volume. This is a typical PartDesign workflow:


 * 1) Create a new sketch
 * 2) Draw a closed shape (make sure all points are joined)
 * 3) Close the sketch
 * 4) Extrude it with the pad tool
 * 5) Select one face of the extruded volume
 * 6) Create a second sketch (this time it will be drawn on the selected face)
 * 7) Draw a closed shape
 * 8) Close the sketch
 * 9) Create a pocket from the second sketch, on the first object

Which gives you an object like this:



At any moment, you can select the original sketches and modify them, or change the extrusion parameters of the pad or pocket operations, which will update the final object.

More on the Tutorials page.

Scripting
And finally, one of the most powerful features of FreeCAD is the scripting environment. From the integrated python console (or from any other external Python script), you can gain access to almost any part of FreeCAD, create or modify geometry, modify the representation of those objects in the 3D scene or access and modify the FreeCAD interface. Python scripting can also be used in macros, which provide an easy method to create custom commands.