Draft tutorial/ru

Введение
Данный урок знакомит пользователя с основами рабочего процесса Верстака Draft, включая создание профилей, использование рабочих поверхностей, создание размеров, текста и надписей. В уроке используется нотация (X, Y, Z) для указания координат точки объекта.

This tutorial is meant to introduce the reader to the basic workflow of the Draft Workbench.

The reader will practice:
 * creation of profiles
 * the use of working planes
 * the creation of dimensions, text and annotations

This tutorial uses the notation to denote the coordinates required to define points in an object.



Требования

 * FreeCAD версии 0.16 или выше
 * Пользователь ознакомлен со вкладками Данные и Вид для изменения свойств элементов при необходимости.

1. Open FreeCAD, create a new empty document with.
 * 1.1. Switch to the Draft Workbench from the workbench selector, or the menu.
 * 1.2. Make sure you understand how to use the property editor, particularly the and  tabs to change the properties.
 * 1.3. Since the draft objects are planar shapes, they are better viewed from the top. Use to set the 3D view.

Действие
Удостоверьтесь, что инструмент Привязки Draft включён для использования в этом уроке.

2. The Draft Snap toolbar is normally activated when you switch to the Draft Workbench.
 * 2.1. To make sure it is always there, got to the Draft Preferences,.
 * 2.2. Verify that the Show Draft Snap toolbar is active.

Заметьте, вы можете изменить видимость Сетки в меню, если вы хотите отключить её.

Working planes
Most Draft objects are planar shapes so they are naturally based on a. A working plane can be one of the main XY, XZ, and YZ global coordinate planes, or it can be a plane that is parallel to them with a positive or negative offset, or it can be a plane defined by the face of a solid object.

3. Press Select plane, or go to the menu, to open the working plane task panel.
 * 3.1. Press.

Before pressing the button, you can also change the value of the offset in millimeters, as well as the grid spacing, the main lines and snapping radius.

Creating Profiles
The creation of profiles can be done in several ways. Though it is possible to use simple arcs and lines to do most of the work, FreeCAD includes several tools to speed up the process.

Линии и дуги

 * 1) Выберите инструмент [[Image:Draft_Arc.png]] Дуга.
 * 2) Установите координаты центра в (0, 0, 0)
 * 3) Задайте радиус 30 мм
 * 4) Задайте начальный угол 60.0°
 * 5) Задайте апертуру 60.0°

Повторите действия для второй дуги, но с радиусом 25 мм.


 * 1) Выберите инструмент [[Image:Draft_Line.png]] Линия.
 * 2) Наведите курсор на конечную точку любой из дуг. При приближении к конечной точке должна появиться белая точка и значок [[Image:Snap_Endpoint.png|32px]]. Выберите конечную точку.
 * 3) Выберите конечную точку другой дуги.
 * 4) Повторите для другой стороны дуг.

Fusing or upgrading
Теперь профиль определён несколькими кривыми, но он ещё не распознаётся как одно целое. Возможно продолжить работу с отдельными элементами как они есть, но в данном случае мы объединим их в один объект.


 * 1) Выберите одновременно дугу и линию удерживая клавишу CTRL
 * 2) Щелкните [[Image:Draft_Upgrade.png]] Объединить

6. If you wish to maintain the parametric nature of the objects you may wish to create a compound instead.
 * 6.1. Switch to the Part Workbench.
 * 6.2. With these objects selected, click on.

Rectangles, circles, and polygons
7. We will draw a rectangular frame.
 * 7.1. Press.
 * 7.2. Enter the values, and press.
 * 7.3. Make sure the option is unchecked, as we will use absolute units. You may press  in the keyboard to quickly toggle this option on and off.
 * 7.4. Enter the values for the second point, and press.

A rectangle is created. Go in the property editor to change its properties. If you don't want the rectangle to create a face, set to. If you want to make a face, but see only the wires of that object, keep to  but set the  to.


 * 1) Выберите инструмент [[Image:Draft_Circle.png]]
 * 2) Установите центр в (0, 0, 0)
 * 3) Задайте радиус 15 мм

Полигоны

 * 1) Выберите [[Image:Draft_Polygon.png]] Полигон
 * 2) Укажите центральную точку в (0, 0, 0)
 * 3) Задайте радиус 50 мм
 * 4) Задайте количество сторон 6

Again, you may change the and  properties in the property editor if you want.

The rectangle, the circle, the polygon, and most other objects created with the Draft Workbench share many data and view properties because they are derived from the same base class, Part Part2DObject.

Arrays
Arrays are used to replicate an object several times in an orthogonal direction (X, Y, Z), around a revolution axis, or along a path.

10. We will create a polar array.
 * 10.1. Select the object that was previously created with the Upgrade tool, or the  created with the Part Compound tool.
 * 10.2. Press.
 * 10.3. Adjust the polar angle to, and press.

Old workflow

 * 10.2. Press.
 * 10.3. Go to the tree view, select the object, and then go to the property editor, and change the  from  to.
 * 10.4. Change to, and  to.

An array object should be created replicating the object around the origin.

Dimensions
Dimensions require a constant use of Snapping Constraints to properly select the points that one wishes to dimension. The Snapping toolbar is used to change the possible points that can be selected.


 * 1) Select [[Image:Draft_Dimension.svg|32px]] Dimension
 * 2) Select the first point. This can be either an existing element or specified by coordinates. For this tutorial, the first point will always be (0, 0, 0)
 * 3) Select the second point. Approach the midpoint of the top line of the polygon. A white point should appear alongside this icon [[Image:Snap_Midpoint.svg|32px]]
 * 4) Move the cursor to the desired location of the dimension and click on it.
 * 5) Change the font size on the View tab to 6 mm

Повторите действия для дуг и отверстий.

Annotations and Text
There is a slight difference between the two: it is only possible to use the second one as a profile to perform 3D operations.

Annotations

 * 1) Select the [[Image:Draft_Text.svg|24px]] Text button.
 * 2) Select the reference point in the 3D View. In this case, the midpoint of the top arc.
 * 3) Enter your text and press
 * 4) Repeat for as many lines of text as you wish to input.
 * 5) Press

Text

 * 1) Select the [[Image:Draft_ShapeString.svg|24px]] ShapeString button.
 * 2) Select the reference point in the 3D View. This can be an existing point or the current cursor location.
 * 3) Enter your text and press
 * 4) Set the desired font size
 * 5) Leave tracking at 0 mm
 * 6) Select the path to the font file that you wish to use

Creating Blueprints
To create blueprints, it is necessary to create a Technical Drawing with the elements that you wish to use. Please read the Drawing tutorial for a detailed description.

Important Note: Drawing WB was deprecated in FreeCAD v0.16 and replaced by the TechDraw Workbench. Although the author of this tutorial also created the Drawing Tutorial, it would be better for the reader to familiarize themselves with Basic tutorials of TechDraw, such as Basic_TechDraw_Tutorial.

Вы закончили обучение основам Модуля Draft.

Рекомендуемая информация

 * Для детального описания верстака см. Модуль Draft
 * Подробнее об управлении Привязками см. Привязки Draft