Getting started/ru

What's new

 * Version 0.11 Release notes : Check what's new in the 0.11 release of FreeCAD
 * Version 0.12 Release notes : Check what's new in the 0.12 release of FreeCAD
 * Version 0.13 Release notes : Check what's new in the 0.13 release of FreeCAD
 * Version 0.14 Release notes : Check what's new in the 0.14 release of FreeCAD

Введение
FreeCAD это программа для параметрического моделирования. Она ещё находится в стадии начальной разработки, поэтому не ждите, что вы сможете полноценно использовать её в реальной работе. Но, если вам интересно что представляет из себя FreeCAD и какие возможности были реализованы, вы можете скачать её и попробовать. На данный момент большинство основной функциональности уже существует, но ещё не до конца создан интерфейс пользователя. Это значит, что, если вы знаете python, вы относительно легко сможете создавать и изменять геометрию. В противном случае, вы, возможно обнаружите, что FreeCAD дает мало возможностей для моделирования. Но в скором времени это будет исправлено.

Если после тестирования у вас появились отзывы, мнение или идеи по улучшению программы, пожалуйста выскажите их на нашем FreeCAD форуме!

FreeCAD is a 3D CAD/CAE parametric modeling application. It is primarily made for mechanical design, but also serves all other uses where you need to model 3D objects with precision and control over modeling history.

FreeCAD is still in the early stages of development, so, although it already offers you a large (and growing) list of features, much is still missing, specially comparing it to commercial solutions, and you might not find it developed enough yet for use in production environment. Still, there is a fast-growing community of enthusiastic users, and you can already find many examples of quality projects developed with FreeCAD.

Like all open-source projects, the FreeCAD project is not a one-way work delivered to you by its developers. It depends much on its community to grow, gain features, and stabilize (get bugs fixed). So don't forget this when starting to use FreeCAD, if you like it, you can directly influence and help the project!

Installing
First of all (if not done already) download and install FreeCAD. See the Download page for information about current versions and updates, and the Installing page for information about how to install FreeCAD. There are install packages ready for Windows (.msi), Ubuntu & Debian (.deb) openSUSE (.rpm) and Mac OSX. As FreeCAD is open-source, if you are adventurous, but want to have a look at the brand-new features being developed right now, you can also grab the source code and compile FreeCAD yourself.

Описание FreeCAD


FreeCAD это многоцелевое приложение для 3D моделирования, предназначенное в первую очередь для инженерных задач, а также для смежных инженерных областей, например архитектура. Она может служить платформой для разработки любых 3D приложений, также для решения различных специализированных задач. Для этого внешний вид приложения подразделяется на серию рабочих мест. Рабочие места позволяют изменять вид программы для того чтобы показать все инструменты, или же можно отобразить только те инструменты которые предназначены для выполнения текущей работы.

Интерфейс FreeCAD - очень простой контейнер, с меню, областью просмотра 3D, и парой боковых панелей для отображения содержимого контента или свойства объекта. Все содержание этих групп может быть изменено в зависимости от рабочего места.

Если вы запускаете FreeCAD в первый раз, вы увидите общее рабочее окружение, которое называется полное рабочее окружение (complete workbench). Это окружение просто содержит почти все инструменты из других окружений. Так как FreeCAD достаточно молодая программа и ещё не не используется в специализированной работе, это окружение будет полезно для того чтобы в полной мере познакомиться с FreeCAD. В общем, набор инструментов в нем достаточен для моделирования.




 * 1) The 3D view, showing the contents of your document
 * 2) The tree view, which shows the hierarchy and construction history of all the objects in your document
 * 3) The properties editor, which allows you to view and modify properties of the selected object(s)
 * 4) The output window, which is where FreeCAD prints messages, warnings and errors
 * 5) The python console, where all the commands executed by FreeCAD are printed, and where you can enter python code
 * 6) The workbench selector, where you select the active workbench

The main concept behind the FreeCAD interface is that it is separated into workbenches. A workbench is a collection of tools suited for a specific task, such as working with meshes, or drawing 2D objects, or constrained sketches. You can switch the current workbench with the workbench selector (6). You can customize the tools included in each workbench, add tools from other workbenches or even self-created tools, that we call macros. There is also a generic workbench which gathers the most commonly used tools from other workbenches, called the complete workbench.

When you start FreeCAD for the first time, you are presented with the start center:



The Start Center allows you to quickly jump to one of the most common workbenches, open one of the recent files, or see the latest news from the FreeCAD world. You can change the default workbench in the preferences.

Навигация в 3D пространстве
В FreeCAD есть два различных способа навигации, их можно выбрать в настройках. По умолчанию увеличение производится, перемещение камеры при нажатой , вращение с помощью нажатых и одновременно. Выбор объектов осуществляется по щелчку, если вы хотите выбрать несколько объектов одновременно, необходимо нажать.

Вы так же можете выбрать несколько стандартных видов(вид сверху, вид спереди, и т.д.) из меню Вид, и на панели инструментов Вид, а также с помощью горячих клавиш (,, и т.д.)

Экспорт для визуализации
FreeCAD has four different navigation modes available, that change the way you use your mouse to interact with the objects in the 3D view and the view itself. One of them is specifically made for touchpads, where the middle mouse button is not used. The following table describes the default mode, called CAD Navigation (You can quickly change the current navigation mode by right-clicking on an empty area of the 3D view):

You also have several view presets (top view, front view, etc) available in the View menu and on the View toolbar, and by numeric shortcuts (,, etc...), and by right-clicking on an object or on an empty area of the 3D view, you have quick access to some common operations, such as setting a particular view, or locating an object in the Tree view.

First steps with FreeCAD
FreeCAD's focus is to allow you to make high-precision 3D models, to keep tight control over those models (being able to go back into modelling history and change parameters), and eventually to build those models (via 3D printing, CNC machining or even construction worksite). It is therefore very different from some other 3D applications made for other purposes, such as animation film or gaming. Its learning curve can be steep, specially if this is your first contact with 3D modeling. If you are struck at some point, don't forget that the friendly community of users on the FreeCAD forum might be able to get you out in no time.

The workbench you will start using in FreeCAD depends on the type of job you need to do: If you are going to work on mechanical models, or more generally any small-scale objects, you'll probably want to try the PartDesign Workbench. If you will work in 2D, then switch to the Draft Workbench, or the Sketcher Workbench if you need constraints. If you want to do BIM, launch the Arch Workbench. If you are working with ship design, there is a special Ship Workbench for you. And if you come from the OpenSCAD world, try the OpenSCAD Workbench.

You can switch workbenches at any time, and also customize your favorite workbench to add tools from other workbenches.

Working with the PartDesign and Sketcher workbenches
The PartDesign Workbench is specially made to build complex objects, starting from simple shapes, and adding or removing pieces (that we call "features"), until you get to your final object. All the features you applied during the modelling process are stored in a separate view called the tree view, which also contains the other objects in your document. You can think of a PartDesign object as a succession of operations, each one applied to the result of the preceding one, forming one big chain. In the tree view, you see your final object, but you can expand it and retrieve all preceding states, and change any of their parameter, which automatically updates the final object.

The PartDesign workbench makes heavy use of another workbench, the Sketcher Workbench. The sketcher allows you to draw 2D shapes, which are defined by applying Constraints to the 2D shape. For example, you might draw a rectangle and set the size of a side by applying a length constraint to one of the sides. That side then cannot be resized anymore (unless the constraint is changed).

Those 2D shapes made with the sketcher are used a lot in the PartDesign workbench, for example to create 3D volumes, or to draw areas on the faces of your object that will then be hollowed from its main volume. This is a typical PartDesign workflow:


 * 1) Create a new sketch
 * 2) Draw a closed shape (make sure all points are joined)
 * 3) Close the sketch
 * 4) Expand the sketch into a 3D solid by using the pad tool
 * 5) Select one face of the solid
 * 6) Create a second sketch (this time it will be drawn on the selected face)
 * 7) Draw a closed shape
 * 8) Close the sketch
 * 9) Create a pocket from the second sketch, on the first object

Which gives you an object like this:



At any moment, you can select the original sketches and modify them, or change the extrusion parameters of the pad or pocket operations, which will update the final object.

Working with the Draft and Arch workbenches
The Draft Workbench and Arch Workbench behave a bit differently than the other workbenches above, although they follow the same rules, which are common to all of FreeCAD. In short, while the Sketcher and PartDesign are made primarily to design single pieces, Draft and Arch are made to ease your work when working with several, simpler objects.

The Draft Workbench offers you 2D tools a bit similar to what you can find in traditional 2D CAD applications such as AutoCAD. However, 2D drafting being far away from the scope of FreeCAD, don't expect to find there the full array of tools that these dedicated applications offer. Most of the Draft tools work not only in a 2D plane but also in the full 3D space, and benefit from special helper systems such as Work planes and object snapping.

The Arch Workbench adds BIM tools to FreeCAD, allowing you to build architectural models with parametric objects. The Arch workbench relies much on other modules such as Draft and Sketcher. All the Draft tools are also present in the Arch workbench, and most Arch tools make use of the Draft helper systems.

A typical workflow with Arch and Draft workbenches might be:


 * 1) Draw a couple of lines with the Draft Line tool
 * 2) Select each line and press the Wall tool to build a wall on each of them
 * 3) Join the walls by selecting them and pressing the Arch Add tool
 * 4) Create a floor object, and move your walls in it from the Tree view
 * 5) Create a building object, and move your floor in it from the Tree view
 * 6) Create a window by clicking the Window tool, select a preset in its panel, then click on a face of a wall
 * 7) Add dimensions by first setting the working plane if necessary, then using the Draft Dimension tool

Which will give you this:



More on the Tutorials page.

Скрипты
И в заключение, один из самых мощных свойств FreeCAD это скрипты. Из встроенной консоли python (или из любого другого внешнего скрипта python), мы можете получить доступ почти ко всем частям FreeCAD, создание и изменение геометрии, изменение отображения объектов на экране, а также доступ и изменение интерфейса. Скрипты могут быть использованы в макросах, с помощью которых легко создавать свои команды.

And finally, one of the most powerful features of FreeCAD is the scripting environment. From the integrated python console (or from any other external Python script), you can gain access to almost any part of FreeCAD, create or modify geometry, modify the representation of those objects in the 3D scene or access and modify the FreeCAD interface. Python scripting can also be used in macros, which provide an easy method to create custom commands.