Manual:Generating 2D drawings/ru

Если Ваша модель не может быть напечатана или выфрезерована машиной напрямую, например, слишком велика (строение) или требует ручной сборки из готовых частей, Вам нужен способ показать, как это делается, человеку. В технических кругах (архитектура, инженерное дело и т.д.) это делается чертежами, передаваемыми человеку, ответственному за конечную сборку продукта, которые показывают как это сделать.

Типичным примером могут служить инструкции сборки Ikea, архитектурные чертежи или синьки. Эти чертежи обычно содержат не только рисунки, но и аннотации, такие как комментарии, размеры, выноски, символы, которые помогают понять, что и как должно быть сделано.

В FreeCAD рабочим столом для создания таких чертежей является Drawing Workbench.

The Drawing Workbench allows you to create sheets, which can be blank or use a pre-made template to already have a series of items on the sheet, such as borders and title. On these sheets, you can then place views of the 3D objects you modeled previously, and configure how these views must appear on the sheet. Finally, thanks to an addon called Drawing Dimensioning Workbench, you can also place all kinds of annotations on the sheet, such as dimensions, texts, and other usual symbols commonly used in technical drawings.

Drawing sheets, once complete, can be printed or exported as SVG, PDF or DXF files.

In the following exercise, we will see how to create a simple drawing of a chair model found in the FreeCAD library (Furniture -> Chairs -> IkeaChair). The FreeCAD library can easily be added to your FreeCAD installation (refer to the installing chapter of this manual), or you can simply download the model from the library webpage, or via the direct link provided at the bottom of this chapter.




 * Load the IkeaChair file from the library. You can choose between the .FCStd version, which will load the full modeling history, or the .step version, which will create only one object, without the history. Since we won't need to model any further now, it is best to choose the .step version, as it will be easier to manipulate.




 * Switch to the Drawing Workbench
 * Press the little arrow next to the [[Image:Drawing_Landscape_A3.png|16px]] New Drawing Page button.
 * Select the A4 Portrait / ISO7200 template. A new tab will open in your FreeCAD window, showing the new page.
 * In the tree view (or in the model tab), select the chair model.
 * Press the [[Image:Drawing_View.png|16px]] Insert view button.
 * A View object will be created on our page. Give the view the following properties:
 * X: 100
 * Y: 150
 * Scale: 0.1
 * Rotation: 270
 * We now have a nice top view (which is the default projection) of our chair:


 * Let's repeat the operation twice, to create two more views. We will set their X and Y values, which indicate the position of the view on the page, in order to show them apart from the top view, and their direction, to create different view orientations. Give each new view the following properties:
 * View001 (front view): X: 100, Y: 130, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 90, Direction: (-1,0,0)
 * View002 (side view): X: 180, Y: 130, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 90, Direction: (0,-1,0)
 * After that, we obtain the following page:


 * We can tweak a bit the aspect of our views if we want, for example we can raise their Line Width property to 0.5.

We will now place dimensions and indications on our drawing. There are two ways to add dimensions to a model, one is placing the dimensions inside the 3D model, using the Dimension tool of the Draft Workbench, and then place a view of these dimensions on our sheet with the  Draft View tool (which can be used with a single dimension or a group containing dimensions), or we can do things directly on the Drawing sheet, using the Drawing Dimensioning Workbench, which is installable from the FreeCAD addons. We will use here this latter method.


 * Switch to the Drawing Dimensioning Workbench
 * Press the Add Linear Dimension button. Available nodes are highlighted in green on the drawing page:




 * Click two of these points, then click a third point to place the dimension line:




 * The Linear Dimension tool, as most of the other Drawing Dimensioning tools, will not exit after you finished, allowing you to place more dimensions. When you are done, simply click the Close button in the Task panel.
 * Repeat the operation, until all the dimensions you wish to indicate are placed. Take a minute to browse through the different options proposed in the Linear Dimension's task panel. For example, by unticking the auto place text option, you will be able to place the text of the dimension elsewhere, like on the image below:




 * We will now place two indications, using the Welding/Groove symbols tool, selecting the default one (no groove symbol). Draw the two lines like on the image above.
 * Now place two texts using the Add text tool, and change their text property to the contents of your liking.
 * Our drawing is now complete, all that is left to do is to fill in the information of the sheet titleblock. With most of the default FreeCAD templates, this can be done easily, by changing the Editable Texts property of the page.

Our page can now be exported to SVG to be worked further in graphical applications like inkscape, or to DXF by selecting menu File -> Export. The Drawing Dimensioning workbench also features its own DXF export tool, which also supports the annotations added with that workbench. The DXF format is importable in almost all existing 2D CAD applications. Drawing pages can also be directly printed or exported to PDF.

Downloads


 * The chair model: https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-library/blob/master/Furniture/Chairs/IkeaLikeChair.step
 * The file created during this exercise: https://github.com/yorikvanhavre/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.FCStd
 * The SVG sheet produced from that file: https://github.com/yorikvanhavre/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.svg

Read more


 * Верстак Drawing
 * Верстак образмеривания чертежей
 * Библиотека FreeCAD
 * Inkscape