Dialog creation/ro

In această pagină vă vom expune cum se construiește o fereastră de conversație Qt Dialog cu Qt Designer, Qt's instrumentul oficial pentru proiectarea interfețelor, apoi se convertesc în codul Pytohn, ca mai apoi să fie utilizat în interiorul FreeCAD. Voi presupune în exemplul acesta că știți cum se editează și se rulează deja scripturile Python și că puteți face lucruri simple într-o fereastră terminală, cum ar fi navigarea, etc. Trebuie să fi instalat, firește, pyqt.

Proiectarea dialogului
In aplicațiile CAD, proiectarea unei bune interfețe user UI (User Interface) este foarte importantă. Despre tot ce va face utilizatorul va fi prin intermediul unei interfețe: citirea casetelor de dialog, apăsarea butoanelor, alegerea între pictograme etc. De aceea este foarte important să vă gândiți cu atenție la ceea ce doriți să faceți, cum doriți să se comporte utilizatorul, și cum va fi fluxul de activități al acțiunii dvs.

Există câteva concepte pe care trebuie să le cunoașteți atunci când proiectați interfața:
 * Modal/non-modal dialogs: A modal dialog appears in front of your screen, stopping the action of the main window, forcing the user to respond to the dialog, while a non-modal dialog doesn't stop you from working on the main window. In some case the first is better, in other cases not.
 * Identifying what is required and what is optional: Make sure the user knows what he must do. Label everything with proper description, use tooltips, etc.
 * Separating commands from parameters: This is usually done with buttons and text input fields. The user knows that clicking a button will produce an action while changing a value inside a text field will change a parameter somewhere. Nowadays, though, users usually know well what is a button, what is an input field, etc. The interface toolkit we are using, Qt, is a state-of-the-art toolkit, and we won't have to worry much about making things clear, since they will already be very clear by themselves.

Deci, acum că am definit bine ce vom face, este timpul să deschidem designerul qt. Să proiectăm un dialog foarte simplu, după cum urmează:



Apoi, vom folosi acest dialog în FreeCAD pentru a produce un plan dreptunghiular. S-ar putea să nu fie foarte util să produci planuri dreptunghiulare, dar va fi ușor să le schimbi mai târziu pentru a face lucruri mai complexe. Când îl deschideți, Designer Qt arată astfel:



It is very simple to use. On the left bar you have elements that can be dragged on your widget. On the right side you have properties panels displaying all kinds of editable properties of selected elements. So, begin with creating a new widget. Select "Dialog without buttons", since we don't want the default Ok/Cancel buttons. Then, drag on your widget 3 labels, one for the title, one for writing "Height" and one for writing "Width". Labels are simple texts that appear on your widget, just to inform the user. If you select a label, on the right side will appear several properties that you can change if you want, such as font style, height, etc.

Then, add 2 LineEdits, which are text fields that the user can fill in, one for the height and one for the width. Here too, we can edit properties. For example, why not set a default value? For example 1.00 for each. This way, when the user will see the dialog, both values will be filled already and if he is satisfied he can directly press the button, saving precious time. Then, add a PushButton, which is the button the user will need to press after he filled the 2 fields.

Rețineți că am selectat aici niște controale foarte simple, dar Qt are mai multe opțiuni, de exemplu, ați putea folosi Spinboxes în loc de LineEdits, etc ... Aruncați o privire la ceea ce este disponibil, veți avea cu siguranță alte idei.

Este vorba despre tot ce trebuie să facem în Qt Designer. Un ultim lucru, totuși, să redenumim toate elementele noastre cu nume mai ușor, deci va fi mai ușor să le identificăm în scenariile noastre:



Traducerea dialogului nostru în python
Now, let's save our widget somewhere. It will be saved as an .ui file, that we will easily convert to python script with pyuic. On windows, the pyuic program is bundled with pyqt (to be verified), on linux you probably will need to install it separately from your package manager (on debian-based systems, it is part of the pyqt4-dev-tools package). To do the conversion, you'll need to open a terminal window (or a command prompt window on windows), navigate to where you saved your .ui file, and issue: Into Windows pyuic.py are located in "C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4\uic\pyuic.py" For create batch file "compQt4.bat: In consola Dos tastează fără extensie In Linux : to do

Since FreeCAD progressively moved away from PyQt after version 0.13, in favour of PySide (Choice your PySide install building PySide), to make the file based on PySide now you have to use:

Into Windows uic.py are located in "C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PySide\scripts\uic.py" For create batch file "compSide.bat": In the console Dos type without extension Into Linux : to do

On some systems the program is called pyuic4 instead of pyuic. This will simply convert the .ui file into a python script. If we open the mywidget.py file, its contents are very easy to understand: As you see it has a very simple structure: a class named Ui_Dialog is created, that stores the interface elements of our widget. That class has two methods, one for setting up the widget, and one for translating its contents, that is part of the general Qt mechanism for translating interface elements. The setup method simply creates, one by one, the widgets as we defined them in Qt Designer, and sets their options as we decided earlier. Then, the whole interface gets translated, and finally, the slots get connected (we'll talk about that later).

We can now create a new widget, and use this class to create its interface. We can already see our widget in action, by putting our mywidget.py file in a place where FreeCAD will find it (in the FreeCAD bin directory, or in any of the Mod subdirectories), and, in the FreeCAD python interpreter, issue: And our dialog will appear! Note that our python interpreter is still working, we have a non-modal dialog. So, to close it, we can (apart from clicking its close icon, of course) issue:

Making our dialog do something
Now that we can show and hide our dialog, we just need to add one last part: To make it do something! If you play a bit with Qt designer, you'll quickly discover a whole section called "signals and slots". Basically, it works like this: elements on your widgets (in Qt terminology, those elements are themselves widgets) can send signals. Those signals differ according to the widget type. For example, a button can send a signal when it is pressed and when it is released. Those signals can be connected to slots, which can be special functionality of other widgets (for example a dialog has a "close" slot to which you can connect the signal from a close button), or can be custom functions. The PyQt Reference Documentation lists all the qt widgets, what they can do, what signals they can send, etc...

What we will do here, is to create a new function that will create a plane based on height and width, and to connect that function to the pressed signal emitted by our "Create!" button. So, let's begin with importing our FreeCAD modules, by putting the following line at the top of the script, where we already import QtCore and QtGui: Apoi, hai să adăugăm o nouă funție la a noastră Ui_Dialog class: Apoi, trebuie să informăm Qt pentru a conecta butonul la funcție, plasând următoarea linie înainte QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog): This, as you see, connects the pressed signal of our create object (the "Create!" button), to a slot named createPlane, which we just defined. That's it! Now, as a final touch, we can add a little function to create the dialog, it will be easier to call. Outside the Ui_Dialog class, let's add this code: (Python reminder: the __init__ method of a class is automatically executed whenever a new object is created!) Then, from FreeCAD, we only need to do: That's all Folks... Now you can try all kinds of things, like for example inserting your widget in the FreeCAD interface (see the Code snippets page), or making much more advanced custom tools, by using other elements on your widget.

Scriptul complet
Acesta este scriptul complet, pentru referințe:

Method 1
Un exemplu de cutie de dialog completă cu conexiunile sale. Aici este aceeași fereastră, dar cu o pictogramă pe fiecare buton.

Download associated icons (Click rigth "Copy the image below ...)"



Here the code to display the icon on the pushButton, change the name for another button, (radioButton, checkBox) and the path to the icon. The command UserAppData gives the user path AppHomePath gives the installation path of FreeCAD This command reverses the horizontal button, right to left.

Method 2
Another method to display a window, here by creating a file QtForm.py which contains the header program (module called with import QtForm), and a second module that contains the code window all these accessories, and your code (the calling module).

This method requires two separate files, but allows to shorten your program using the file ' ' QtForm.py ' ' import. Then distribute the two files together, they are inseparable.

The file QtForm.py The appellant, file that contains the window and your code.

The file my_file.py

The connections are to do, a good exercise.

Other example

Are treated :

The code page and the icons Qt_Example
 * 1) icon for window
 * 2) horizontalSlider
 * 3) progressBar horizontal
 * 4) verticalSlider
 * 5) progressBar vertical
 * 6) lineEdit
 * 7) lineEdit
 * 8) doubleSpinBox
 * 9) doubleSpinBox
 * 10) doubleSpinBox
 * 11) buttom
 * 12) buttom
 * 13) radioButtom with icons
 * 14) checkBox with icon checked and unchecked
 * 15) textEdit
 * 16) graphicsView with 2 graphes

Icon personalized in ComboView
Here example create object with property and icon personalized in ComboView

Download the example icon to place in same directory of the macro

The icon used is one icon to file disk, one icon to resource FreeCAD and one icon include in the macro (format .XPM)



Other complete example creation cube with icon in macro

Use QFileDialog for write the file
Codul complet:

Utilizarea QFileDialog pentru a citi fișierul
Codul complet:

Utilizare QColorDialog pentru a defini culoarea
Codul complet:

Câteva comenzi utile
Folosind caracterele cu accente, primești eroarea:

Câteva soluții sunt posibile.

UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode bytes in position 0-2: invalid data sau cu procedura

UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 9: ordinal not in range(128)

sau cu procedura or or or