FAQ/zh-cn

本页试图解答FreeCAD社区中最常见的问题. 如果您在使用FreeCAD时发生了某些问题或对该程序有疑问，请先阅览此文. 如果本页内容未能解决的问题，请移步 FreeCAD社区!

在我的操作系统中安装FreeCAD的最简方法是什么?
如果您使用的是Windows或Mac OS操作系统，最简单的方法是前往下载页面，在那里，您将找到多种构建好的安装包. 如果您使用的是Debian、Fedora或Ubuntu以及其他发布版操作系统，FreeCAD已位列标准软件仓库之中，您可以借助软件管理器方便地进行安装. 在Ubuntu系统中，FreeCAD团队亦维护着它的 PPA仓库. 关于安装FreeCAD的更多细节，可参考安装页面.

运行FreeCAD的最低条件是什么?
与大多3D CAD软件不同，FreeCAD可流畅地运行于大多机能有限的计算机上 - 例如，已知可以运行在装有Pentium IV与Intel Core2 Solo CPU的机器上. 如果您的计算机可跑最新的操作系统，那运行FreeCAD基本也不在话下. 这唯一的先决条件是：您的显卡或芯片组必须必须支持OpenGL，最好支持的版本不要低于v2.0. 有关问题可参考本FAQ中的聚焦疑难杂症部分.

多线程
FreeCAD底层的几何建模内核（该第三方库名为Open CASCADE Technology, 或简作OCC） 当前还不支持多线程 此时已部分支持多线程.

针对Mac用户
FreeCAD仅支持MacIntel架构系统. 目前还不存在针对PowerPC架构的构建版本.

我自己该如何编译FreeCAD?
The source code of FreeCAD is always available in the project source code repository. Compiling FreeCAD yourself allows you to use the most recent features being developed, but requires a bit of computer knowledge, although the procedure is fairly simple. Access to the source code is explained here, and we have detailed instructions for compiling on Windows, Linux and Mac OSX.

FreeCAD提示我缺少某模块或某应用程序
FreeCAD depends on a lot of things to offer all its functionality. All the main required components are usually bundled within your FreeCAD installation or provided by your package manager, so normally you have nothing to worry about. If you installed FreeCAD from unofficial sources, however, or compiled FreeCAD yourself, some piece might be missing, which is not critical to FreeCAD itself, but might cause some functionality to be unavailable. Some specific file formats such as Collada or DWG also require extra components, which cannot be bundled into FreeCAD, and must be installed by yourself separately.

All those components and the appropriate way to install them are listed on the Extra python modules page.

FreeCAD根本无法启动
There might be a lot of reasons for that, the most likely is that some library is missing. Try starting FreeCAD from a terminal (type at a terminal prompt,  on some systems) to see if some error message appears. Also, read the rest of this FAQ as it can give you more clues to detect the cause of the problem. If nothing helps, tell about it on the forum, there will surely be someone who can help.

On some older Windows XP systems you may get an error message like this: The reason for this problem is that on your system either the CRT runtime libraries are missing or the version installed is too old because FreeCAD was linked against a newer version. In this case you have to install the which you'll find at Microsoft. See also the corresponding forum message.

FreeCAD可正常开启，但是部分图标无法显示，一些图标显示为黑色的'X'
Some parts of FreeCAD depend on an external Python module called Pivy. On Windows, pivy is included in the FreeCAD installation. On Debian/Ubuntu systems, the python-pivy package is part of standard software repositories. On other systems, at the moment, you might have to compile pivy yourself. Note that although some tools are not available without pivy, the rest of FreeCAD works normally.

我的FreeCAD存在一些显示问题，3D视图表现的不太正常，在我移动或旋转视图的时候会出现一些错误的内容
FreeCAD depends on OpenGL for displaying 3D contents, and therefore requires a working OpenGL environment. On some systems, OpenGL is not activated by default, and you might need to install or upgrade your graphics drivers. This problems happens most often on Linux systems or on virtual systems. If you are on a Linux-based system, try the following steps:
 * verify that your computer has a 3D-capable graphics board
 * type in a terminal window, and check in the output that Direct Rendering is set to "yes", and that the OpenGL vendor/renderer/version matches your graphics card.
 * install other OpenGL-based software (Blender, for example) and check if it runs and displays correctly.

FreeCAD开启即崩溃
A crash might indicate a more serious bug, or some problem in your configuration. Most startup crashes occur because of one of the two following reasons:

未安装OpenGL驱动，或无法正常工作
This is a very common cause of the problem. The symptoms are simply that FreeCAD crashes at startup, or whenever you open a 3D view (for example by creating a new document). Try to find out what your graphic chip is, then find out if it supports OpenGL (most recent chips do), then find the correct driver and install it. A good way to doublecheck if OpenGL is available is to try to run another OpenGL application such as blender.

And as a general tip to get some more information about crashes with FreeCAD you can start it with the program parameter. This will create the file in  on Linux and Mac OS X or  on Windows systems.

In some rare cases you may have a graphic driver installed that doesn't fit to your graphic card. We had a case where the user's laptop had an Intel on-board graphic but some ATI drivers were installed.  After removing the files and re-installing the correct driver FreeCAD started to work.

操作系统中似乎缺少FreeCAD需要的一些库, 抑或是FreeCAD没能找到这些库
There can be two paths to this problem: either some library is simply missing, therefore FreeCAD will refuse to start, or the library is there, but it is an older version than the one FreeCAD expects, so a crash will occur when FreeCAD attempts to use a missing feature from that library. A common example is when you have Qt3 and Qt4 installed on your system, FreeCAD might detect Qt4 but if your Qt installation is not properly configured, some pieces of Qt3 might still be used, provoking crashes.

Please review the installing procedure, make sure you installed all the required libraries (on most linux systems this is done automatically), and check what is the minimum version number for each of the components.

If everything seems correct, describe the problem on the forum or submit a bug. If you are on a linux system, it is easy to do a debug backtrace, which provides very useful information about the crash to the developers:
 * in a terminal, type: (assuming package gdb is installed)
 * inside gdb, type
 * after the crash, type to get the backtrace, that you can include in your bug report.

FreeCAD开启即卡住
When starting FreeCAD the GUI appears almost immediately but the GUI is frozen and the cpu is about 99%. This can happen on the KDE desktop when using the Oxygen theme. That's a bug in the Oxygen theme and choosing another theme should fix this issue.

在创建一个新文档或打开一个文件时，FreeCAD崩溃
If FreeCAD crashes when it creates a new 3D view, try launching FreeCAD from a terminal. If a message error appears when the crash occurs, mentioning, and a component name beginning with "So" (, , etc.), the chances are very high, especially if you are on Linux, that FreeCAD is trying to use two different versions of the Coin library, which causes the crash. To verify if that is indeed the problem, try the following: If there is any difference, either FreeCAD or SoQt must be recompiled (better to recompile the one that uses the oldest Coin version). The normal behavior is to try to contact the people responsible for packaging either SoQt or FreeCAD and kindly ask them to consider recompiling. If you want to undertake that step for yourself, and it is not possible to recompile SoQt because it breaks other applications on your system, you can force FreeCAD to compile with the required Coin version with. But you have to make sure that the correct development package of this Coin version is installed.
 * Locate the FreeCAD executable (usually in )
 * Run the command from a terminal
 * Note down the version of the library that FreeCAD is using (for example )
 * Locate the library (usually in )
 * run and check if it links to the same Coin version as FreeCAD

点击Edit → Alignment后FreeCAD崩溃
A segmentation fault happens at. This means that the implementation of VBO in the graphic driver is bad. In order to avoid caching OpenGL calls you can try to set the environment variable and restart FreeCAD.

我在Mac OSX上运行FreeCAD时出了问题
The Mac platform is less easy to support than Windows or Linux, since none of the core developers owns one. The OSX packages are compiled by volunteering FreeCAD users, and they might sometimes not work correctly on your machine, depending on your system. Your best chance is probably to head to the forums, look for Mac OSX-related threads, and discuss your problem there or see if someone else encountered a solution.

我无法改变FreeCAD属性面板中各种数值


You most likely have bad windows regional settings set-up. Please check if you have the same symbol for decimal separator and digit grouping symbol in your regional settings. If you do, adapt your system settings to use different characters for the digit grouping symbol and decimal separator. Note that it is not mandatory to have dot as decimal separator. It is mandatory to use different symbols in these two settings.

FreeCAD本身运行得好好的，但是突然就打不开了
This can also happen if you had an older version of FreeCAD installed, and you upgraded to a newer version. In that process, the configuration files of FreeCAD might have been corrupted for some reason, and now FreeCAD cannot read them anymore, and fails to start. The solution is simply to delete these configuration files, so FreeCAD will recreate them on first run.


 * On Windows: Open the file explorer, and write as the file path. Once there, delete the files  and
 * On Linux: Navigate to and delete the files  and
 * On Mac: Navigate to and delete the files  and

FreeCAD should now start again normally with all its settings reset.

There is a Macro findConfigFiles available to help in locating your configuration files. It can be installed using the Addon Manager in the Tools menu. . The macro will find your config file folder, copy it to the clipboard, and (attempt to) open that location with your default file browser. It makes no changes to your files or settings.

FreeCAD真的是免费（自由）的吗？哪怕用于商业用途?
FreeCAD is open-source software, and is free not only to use, for yourself or for doing commercial work, but also to distribute, modify, or even use in a closed-source application. To summarize, you are free to do (almost) anything you want with it. See the Licence page for more details.

如何才能旋转3D视图?
FreeCAD has several different navigation modes available, that can be set in the preferences settings dialog or changed by right-clicking in the 3D view. For full details about the modes, see the Mouse Model page. For the default mode ("CAD Navigation"), the commands are as follows,

我能用FreeCAD做什么呢? 应该从哪里开始?
Head to the Getting started page for a quick description of the tools you can use. There is also a new Tutorials section containing a few resources. The User hub section contains more detailed information about the different workbenches of FreeCAD. Note that since FreeCAD is relatively new, its user interface is still very bare and doesn't feature many tools. But much more advanced functionality is already available to you from python scripting.

有没有针对新手参考的文档呢? 有哪些途径可以学习FreeCAD?
到目前为止，仅有少数文档针对初学者……但是教程中有一些页面可用来助您入门.

我想在FreeCAD中导入或导出XYZ格式的文档. 应当如何操作?
请参阅FreeCAD Howto Import Export页面. 问题的答案可能在那里能找到.

如何来挤压填充零件实体? 我无法得到预期的效果
The theory is simple: Lines (or wires), when extruded, form faces. Faces, when extruded, form solids. If you extrude something and the result is not a solid, then the something was not a face. If you have lines and you want to extrude a solid from them, you must first select lines that form a closed perimeter (select several objects by pressing ), join them into a wire (Upgrade tool), then make a face from that wire (Upgrade tool again). There you are, if all went well you can now extrude it to a solid.

Now, there can be many little twists that make you obtain the wrong result. The best way to make sure is to check what's inside the object you are extruding. Objects contents can be easily explored with python. Assuming for example you have an object called "Wire", you could type this into the python console:

The above code retrieves the shape from an object, shows the faces and wires your object has (if any), and, if there are wires, prints if those wires are closed. If you don't have any face, you won't get a solid. If there is no closed wire, it won't become a face. If you are interested, there is more info about what you can check with python on the part scripting page. If you cannot join several lines into a wire, the most probable cause is that their endpoints don't meet, there must be small gaps between (some of) them. There, I'm afraid, my experience tells me the quickest way would be to redraw a wire on top of them.

我执行的布尔操作失败了，要不就是得到一个莫名其妙的效果
The Open CASCADE geometric modeling kernel used in FreeCAD for Part geometry, although probably the best open-source geometry kernel available, has its flaws and limitations. Indeed the boolean operations (fusion, subtraction, intersection) are not its best features, and often give strange results. This is a current limitation we have no way to solve at once, so your best path is to try obtaining the desired result by modeling another way. For example, problems with primitives such as cylinder can often be solved by using an extruded circle instead. Coplanar surfaces between parts can cause trouble, as well as surface tangency. As a general rule, if a shape doesn't work, try remodeling it a different way. In 99% of the cases at the end you will manage to obtain the result you want.

When I export (or view) my model, the holes are filled in
Don't use +  (Select All) to export everything from the hierarchy tree. If the model is of one single item, try selecting only the newest item (usually the last one) in the hierarchy tree.

As we create a model in the PartDesign Workbench, each feature takes the shape of the last one and adds or removes something, creating linear dependencies from feature to feature as the model is created. Hence a "Cut" feature is not only the cut hole itself, but the whole part with the cut. This is why the user usually should only have the newest item (feature) in the model tree visible, because otherwise the phases of the model overlay each other, and holes are filled in by the earlier model features.

To toggle visibility of an object on or off, select it in the hierarchy tree and press on your keyboard. Usually everything but the last item in the hierarchy tree should be greyed out and therefore not visible in the 3D view.

FreeCAD是这么牛屄的程序！我怎么才能为她出一份力?
There are a lot of different ways to help, even if you are not a programmer. Here are a couple of things you can do:
 * Give some feedback to the FreeCAD developers: It is always useful to know what people think, what they found good, what they miss, etc. Drop a note on the forum giving your opinion or make a request on our issue tracker!
 * Help with writing documentation: The documentation we have here on this site is sometimes very limited. If you discovered something that is not well documented, add your knowledge there!
 * Help others newcomers: Hang around the forum, and help new people to solve basic questions, like how do I install, how do I add a cube, etc.
 * Translate the documentation into your own language
 * Translate FreeCAD into your own language
 * Write Tutorials, or record video tutorials: Tutorials are a very easy way for newcomers to learn a new software. If you did some nice stuff, why not show other people how to do it?
 * Contribute with assets and examples: We are still missing good example files in FreeCAD. If you created something good, share it with us!
 * Submit bugs: It is very important to have all possible bugs fixed. If you find one, report it as clearly as possible, so we can understand exactly what's happening.
 * Try to do some python coding: You never programmed before but you want to try? Python is easy. Read our introduction to Python, but beware, you might get addicted quickly!
 * See the Help FreeCAD page for more details on how to contribute.

我怎样才能获取编辑本wiki文档的权限?
请参考Work on the documentation页面的相关段落，那里有描述相关细节.

FreeCAD是否参与了Google Summer of Code?
是的，有参与. 自2016年起, FreeCAD加入了Google Summer of Code. 请参考Google Summer of Code来考察过去的有关信息，以及 Google Summer Of Code 2016来查看本论坛对此活动的原始公告.

我想着手把此wiki文档翻译为我的母语. 我该怎么做？
本wiki文档包含了大量信息. 最新及最有趣的材料都集于此手册页面.

请参考Translate the documentation页面的有关段落来了解翻译此wiki文档的更多细节.

我一定要为使用FreeCAD而付费吗？
不. FreeCAD完全免费，可供他人自由下载、重新发布或修改. 它是一款开源软件，发布于两种自由软件许可证之下 (GPL与LGPL)，这保证了您关于此软件的种种自由权，更重要的是，这保证了您不必为之付出的自由权.

我可以复用FreeCAD中的图像资源与网站上的内容吗？
当然啦~FreeCAD中的素有图片资源(图标、标题内容等等)与FreeCAD代码都遵循LGPL. 您可以参考Artwork页面来获取相关内容. 本网站是一个标准的MediaWiki站点，所有图形元素都可自由地复用，如果您对我们这样的MediaWiki式软件感到好奇，可查看通用的css与js页面.

我可以把FreeCAD中的部分代码用于其他应用程序吗？
可以，但是使用时还要稍微考量一下，因为有些代码遵循LGPL，有些代码则遵循GPL. 再者，FreeCAD所用的第三方库可能还有其他条件约束. 更多相关细节请参考许可证页面.